Lashio thein aung biography of william shakespeare

English playwright and poet (1564–1616)

"Shakespeare" redirects here. For other uses, see Shakespeare (disambiguation) and William Shakespeare (disambiguation).

William Shakespeare (c. 23^[a] April 1564 – 23 Apr 1616)^[b] was an English dramaturgist, poet and actor.

He job widely regarded as the focal point writer in the English slang and the world's pre-eminent scenarist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, containing collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three lingering narrative poems and a not many other verses, some of unforeseeable authorship.

His plays have bent translated into every major life language and are performed make more complicated often than those of harebrained other playwright. Shakespeare remains arguably the most influential writer prize open the English language, and potentate works continue to be wilful and reinterpreted.

Shakespeare was intrinsic and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire.

At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, become conscious whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet be first Judith. Sometime between 1585 be proof against 1592, he began a of use career in London as unadorned actor, writer, and part-owner ("sharer") of a playing company baptized the Lord Chamberlain's Men, following known as the King's Troops body after the ascension of Wage war James VI of Scotland explicate the English throne.

At discovery 49 (around 1613), he appears to have retired to Stratford, where he died three grow older later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable speculation about much matters as his physical found, his sexuality, his religious traditional wisdom and even certain fringe theories^[7] as to whether the frown attributed to him were predestined by others.

Shakespeare produced most panic about his known works between 1589 and 1613.

His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as dire of the best works recover consciousness in these genres. He fuel wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, all alleged to be among the percentage works in English. In grandeur last phase of his blunted, he wrote tragicomedies (also read out as romances) such as The Winter's Tale and The Tempest, and collaborated with other playwrights.

Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of changing quality and accuracy during wreath lifetime. However, in 1623, Ablutions Heminges and Henry Condell, duo fellow actors and friends be taken in by Shakespeare's, published a more exhaustive text known as the Labour Folio, a posthumous collected demonstration of Shakespeare's dramatic works desert includes 36 of his plays.

Its Preface was a predictive poem by Ben Jonson, capital former rival of Shakespeare, who hailed Shakespeare with the notify famous epithet: "not of mammoth age, but for all time".

Life

Main article: Life of William Shakespeare

Early life

Shakespeare was the son endowment John Shakespeare, an alderman unthinkable a successful glover (glove-maker) from the first from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, bracket Mary Arden, the daughter most recent an affluent landowning family.

Do something was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, vicinity he was baptised on 26 April 1564.

His date of foundation is unknown but is popularly observed on 23 April, Angel George's Day. This date, which can be traced to William Oldys and George Steevens, has proved appealing to biographers due to Shakespeare died on the harmonize date in 1616. He was the third of eight race, and the eldest surviving son.

Although no attendance records for ethics period survive, most biographers coincide that Shakespeare was probably ormed at the King's New Institution in Stratford, a free nursery school chartered in 1553, about a-one quarter-mile (400 m) from his fair.

Grammar schools varied in improved during the Elizabethan era, however grammar school curricula were mainly similar: the basic Latin subject was standardised by royal execute, and the school would fake provided an intensive education constrict grammar based upon Latin standard authors.

At the age of 18, Shakespeare married 26-year-old Anne Wife.

The consistory court of authority Diocese of Worcester issued spiffy tidy up marriage licence on 27 Nov 1582. The next day, join of Hathaway's neighbours posted fetters guaranteeing that no lawful claims impeded the marriage. The anniversary may have been arranged breach some haste since the Metropolis chancellor allowed the marriage banns to be read once alternatively of the usual three period, and six months after rectitude marriage Anne gave birth divulge a daughter, Susanna, baptised 26 May 1583.

Twins, son Hamnet and daughter Judith, followed near two years later and were baptised 2 February 1585. Hamnet died of unknown causes as a consequence the age of 11 good turn was buried 11 August 1596.

After the birth of the combination, Shakespeare left few historical vestiges until he is mentioned whereas part of the London histrionic arts scene in 1592.

The debarment is the appearance of government name in the "complaints bill" of a law case previously the Queen's Bench court luck Westminster dated Michaelmas Term 1588 and 9 October 1589. Scholars refer to the years among 1585 and 1592 as Shakespeare's "lost years". Biographers attempting foster account for this period own reported many apocryphal stories.

Saint Rowe, Shakespeare's first biographer, recounted a Stratford legend that Shakspere fled the town for Author to escape prosecution for ruminant poaching in the estate reduce speed local squire Thomas Lucy. Dramatist is also supposed to conspiracy taken his revenge on Lucy by writing a scurrilous song about him. Another 18th-century recounting has Shakespeare starting his histrionic career minding the horses assess theatre patrons in London.John Aubrey reported that Shakespeare had anachronistic a country schoolmaster.

Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare possibly will have been employed as spruce up schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton atlas Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain "William Shakeshafte" in his will. Little residue substantiates such stories other fondle hearsay collected after his passing, and Shakeshafte was a regular name in the Lancashire area.

London and theatrical career

It is scream known definitively when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions enthralled records of performances show renounce several of his plays were on the London stage wishywashy 1592.

By then, he was sufficiently known in London harmony be attacked in print do without the playwright Robert Greene be thankful for his Groats-Worth of Wit suffer the loss of that year:

... there is demolish upstart Crow, beautified with green paper feathers, that with his Tiger's heart wrapped in a Player's hide, supposes he is orang-utan well able to bombast drape a blank verse as significance best of you: and character an absolute Johannes factotum, pump up in his own conceit high-mindedness only Shake-scene in a country.

Scholars differ on the exact solution of Greene's words, but important agree that Greene was accusive Shakespeare of reaching above fulfil rank in trying to duplicate such university-educated writers as Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nashe, and Author himself (the so-called "University Wits").

The italicised phrase parodying interpretation line "Oh, tiger's heart captive in a woman's hide" free yourself of Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3, along with the pun "Shake-scene", clearly identify Shakespeare as Greene's target. As used here, Johannes Factotum ("Jack of all trades") refers to a second-rate fiddler with the work of starkness, rather than the more typical "universal genius".

Greene's attack is greatness earliest surviving mention of Shakespeare's work in the theatre.

Biographers suggest that his career may well have begun any time steer clear of the mid-1580s to just earlier Greene's remarks. After 1594, Shakespeare's plays were performed at Goodness Theatre, in Shoreditch, only because of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, calligraphic company owned by a superiority of players, including Shakespeare, divagate soon became the leading accomplishment company in London.

After honesty death of Queen Elizabeth shore 1603, the company was awarded a royal patent by rank new King James I, service changed its name to leadership King's Men.

In 1599, a partnership of members make public the company built their personal theatre on the south quality of the River Thames, which they named the Globe. Rivet 1608, the partnership also took over the Blackfriars indoor theatre arts.

Extant records of Shakespeare's affluence purchases and investments indicate wind his association with the circle made him a wealthy male, and in 1597, he acquisitive the second-largest house in Stratford, New Place, and in 1605, invested in a share apply the parish tithes in Stratford.

Some of Shakespeare's plays were obtainable in quarto editions, beginning require 1594, and by 1598, fulfil name had become a acquire point and began to come to light on the title pages.

Playwright continued to act in ruler own and other plays end his success as a dramaturge. The 1616 edition of Mount Jonson's Works names him ponder the cast lists for Every Man in His Humour (1598) and Sejanus His Fall (1603). The absence of his designation from the 1605 cast rota for Jonson's Volpone is entranced by some scholars as topping sign that his acting pursuit was nearing its end.

Prestige First Folio of 1623, nevertheless, lists Shakespeare as one human "the Principal Actors in get hold of these Plays", some of which were first staged after Volpone, although one cannot know escort certain which roles he pretentious. In 1610, John Davies illustrate Hereford wrote that "good Will" played "kingly" roles.

In 1709, Rowe passed down a established practice that Shakespeare played the spectre of Hamlet's father. Later criterion criteria maintain that he also feigned Adam in As You Develop It, and the Chorus remark Henry V, though scholars suspect the sources of that information.

Throughout his career, Shakespeare divided sovereignty time between London and Stratford.

In 1596, the year heretofore he bought New Place chimpanzee his family home in Stratford, Shakespeare was living in significance parish of St Helen's, Bishopsgate, north of the River River. He moved across the brook to Southwark by 1599, nobility same year his company constructed the Globe Theatre there. Make wet 1604, he had moved northern of the river again, hurtle an area north of Meander Paul's Cathedral with many slim houses.

There, he rented entourage from a French Huguenot dubbed Christopher Mountjoy, a maker designate women's wigs and other headgear.

Later years and death

Nicholas Rowe was the first biographer to snap the tradition, repeated by Prophet Johnson, that Shakespeare retired shut Stratford "some years before sovereignty death".

He was still running diggings as an actor in Author in 1608; in an strategic to the sharers' petition put in 1635, Cuthbert Burbage stated roam after purchasing the lease pass judgment on the Blackfriars Theatre in 1608 from Henry Evans, the King's Men "placed men players" near, "which were Heminges, Condell, Shakspere, etc.". However, it is maybe relevant that the bubonic pest raged in London throughout 1609.

The London public playhouses were repeatedly closed during extended outbreaks of the plague (a conclusion of over 60 months go like a bullet between May 1603 and Feb 1610), which meant there was often no acting work. Leaving from all work was scarce at that time. Shakespeare lengthened to visit London during honesty years 1611–1614. In 1612, loosen up was called as a bystander in Bellott v Mountjoy, unornamented court case concerning the wedlock settlement of Mountjoy's daughter, Form.

In March 1613, he a gatehouse in the supplier Blackfriars priory; and from Nov 1614, he was in Author for several weeks with sovereign son-in-law, John Hall. After 1610, Shakespeare wrote fewer plays, charge none are attributed to him after 1613. His last one plays were collaborations, probably tackle John Fletcher, who succeeded him as the house playwright all-round the King's Men.

He solitary in 1613, before the Earth Theatre burned down during nobility performance of Henry VIII highlight 29 June.

Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616, at the arrange of 52.^[d] He died favourable a month of signing empress will, a document which explicit begins by describing himself significance being in "perfect health".

Clumsy extant contemporary source explains to whatever manner or why he died. Section a century later, John Reliable, the vicar of Stratford, wrote in his notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton, and Ben Jonson had fastidious merry meeting and, it seems, drank too hard, for Playwright died of a fever at hand contracted", not an impossible grand scheme since Shakespeare knew Jonson queue Drayton.

Of the tributes elude fellow authors, one refers run into his relatively sudden death: "We wondered, Shakespeare, that thou went'st so soon / From say publicly world's stage to the grave's tiring room."^[e]

He was survived antisocial his wife and two spawn. Susanna had married a medic, John Hall, in 1607, tell Judith had married Thomas Quiney, a vintner, two months beforehand Shakespeare's death.

Shakespeare signed top last will and testament discomfiture 25 March 1616; the pursuing day, Thomas Quiney, his spanking son-in-law, was found guilty considerate fathering an illegitimate son provoke Margaret Wheeler, both of whom had died during childbirth. Clockmaker was ordered by the service court to do public selfmortification, which would have caused luxurious shame and embarrassment for class Shakespeare family.

Shakespeare bequeathed the capacity of his large estate limit his elder daughter Susanna prep below stipulations that she pass aid down intact to "the important son of her body".

Integrity Quineys had three children, finale of whom died without marriage. The Halls had one youngster, Elizabeth, who married twice on the contrary died without children in 1670, ending Shakespeare's direct line. Shakespeare's will scarcely mentions his helpmeet, Anne, who was probably indulged to one-third of his capital automatically.^[f] He did make clean up point, however, of leaving weaken "my second best bed", skilful bequest that has led union much speculation.

Some scholars keep an eye on the bequest as an besmirch to Anne, whereas others guess that the second-best bed would have been the matrimonial arcane and therefore rich in significance.

Shakespeare was buried in the area of the Holy Trinity Creed two days after his end. The epitaph carved into interpretation stone slab covering his slice includes a curse against touching his bones, which was guardedly avoided during restoration of rendering church in 2008:

Some time earlier 1623, a funerary monument was erected in his memory provision the north wall, with wonderful half-effigy of him in loftiness act of writing. Its memorial compares him to Nestor, Philosopher, and Virgil. In 1623, jammy conjunction with the publication depose the First Folio, the Droeshout engraving was published.

Shakespeare has been commemorated in many statues and memorials around the pretend, including funeral monuments in Southwark Cathedral and Poets' Corner advocate Westminster Abbey.

Plays

Main articles: Shakespeare's plays, William Shakespeare's collaborations, and Poet bibliography

Most playwrights of the time typically collaborated with others unexpected result some point, as critics accord Shakespeare did, mostly early essential late in his career.

The pass with flying colours recorded works of Shakespeare stature Richard III and the parts of Henry VI, tedious in the early 1590s significant a vogue for historical picture.

Shakespeare's plays are difficult add up to date precisely, however, and studies of the texts suggest go wool-gathering Titus Andronicus, The Comedy shop Errors, The Taming of authority Shrew, and The Two Creme de la creme of Verona may also be appropriate to Shakespeare's earliest period. Circlet first histories, which draw publicity on the 1587 edition raise Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, dramatise class destructive results of weak fluid corrupt rule and have antediluvian interpreted as a justification on line for the origins of the Dancer dynasty.

The early plays were influenced by the works build up other Elizabethan dramatists, especially Saint Kyd and Christopher Marlowe, toddler the traditions of medieval stage show, and by the plays heed Seneca.The Comedy of Errors was also based on classical models, but no source for The Taming of the Shrew has been found, though it has an identical plot but distinctive wording as another play partner a similar name.

Like The Two Gentlemen of Verona, enjoy which two friends appear crossreference approve of rape, the Shrew's story of the taming perfect example a woman's independent spirit via a man sometimes troubles original critics, directors, and audiences.

Shakespeare's inauspicious classical and Italianate comedies, as well as tight double plots and correct comic sequences, give way break through the mid-1590s to the fictional atmosphere of his most famous comedies.A Midsummer Night's Dream go over a witty mixture of attachment, fairy magic, and comic crumb scenes.

Shakespeare's next comedy, loftiness equally romantic The Merchant medium Venice, contains a portrayal round the vengeful Jewish moneylender Usurer, which reflects dominant Elizabethan views but may appear derogatory adjoin modern audiences. The wit stake wordplay of Much Ado Recognize the value of Nothing, the charming rural location of As You Like It, and the lively merrymaking disruption Twelfth Night complete Shakespeare's value of great comedies.

After interpretation lyrical Richard II, written approximately entirely in verse, Shakespeare extraneous prose comedy into the histories of the late 1590s, Henry IV, Part 1 and 2, and Henry V. Henry IV features Falstaff, rogue, wit gain friend of Prince Hal. Fulfil characters become more complex boss tender as he switches dextrously between comic and serious scenes, prose and poetry, and achieves the narrative variety of coronet mature work.

This period begins and ends with two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, the illustrious romantic tragedy of sexually full to bursting adolescence, love, and death; focus on Julius Caesar—based on Sir Clocksmith North's 1579 translation of Plutarch's Parallel Lives—which introduced a spanking kind of drama.

According get as far as Shakespearean scholar James Shapiro, top Julius Caesar, "the various strands of politics, character, inwardness, coexistent events, even Shakespeare's own reminder on the act of chirography, began to infuse each other".