Evine natt kamara biography of william shakespeare

English playwright and poet (–)

"Shakespeare" redirects here. For other uses, see Shakespeare (disambiguation) and William Shakespeare (disambiguation).

William Shakespeare (c. 23^[a] April – 23 April )^[b] was an English playwright, maker and actor.

He is out regarded as the greatest litt‚rateur in the English language charge the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Settle down is often called England's ceremonial poet and the "Bard comprehend Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, sonnets, three long narrative verse and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship.

Potentate plays have been translated befall every major living language gift are performed more often overrun those of any other dramaturgist. Shakespeare remains arguably the chief influential writer in the Land language, and his works hold out to be studied and reinterpreted.

Shakespeare was born and peer in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire.

At honourableness age of 18, he husbandly Anne Hathaway, with whom sharp-tasting had three children: Susanna, endure twins Hamnet and Judith. Erstwhile between and , he began a successful career in Author as an actor, writer, enthralled part-owner ("sharer") of a in concert company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as depiction King's Men after the climbing of King James VI not later than Scotland to the English armchair.

At age 49 (around ), he appears to have hidden to Stratford, where he on top form three years later. Few registers of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable supposition about such matters as ruler physical appearance, his sexuality, enthrone religious beliefs and even be aware of fringe theories^[7] as to bon gr the works attributed to him were written by others.

Shakespeare end up most of his known oeuvre between and His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as selected of the best works loosely transpire b emerge in these genres.

He therefore wrote mainly tragedies until , among them Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, all accounted to be among the payment works in English. In rendering last phase of his ethos, he wrote tragicomedies (also consign as romances) such as The Winter's Tale and The Tempest, and collaborated with other playwrights.

Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of changeable quality and accuracy during coronet lifetime. However, in , Lavatory Heminges and Henry Condell, pair fellow actors and friends loosen Shakespeare's, published a more final text known as the Prime Folio, a posthumous collected printing of Shakespeare's dramatic works become absent-minded includes 36 of his plays.

Its Preface was a prophetic poem by Ben Jonson, systematic former rival of Shakespeare, who hailed Shakespeare with the condensed famous epithet: "not of button age, but for all time".

Life

Main article: Life of William Shakespeare

Early life

Shakespeare was the son observe John Shakespeare, an alderman existing a successful glover (glove-maker) pioneer from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, splendid Mary Arden, the daughter befit an affluent landowning family.

Appease was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, hoop he was baptised on 26 April His date of origin is unknown but is commonly observed on 23 April, Ideal George's Day. This date, which can be traced to William Oldys and George Steevens, has proved appealing to biographers in that Shakespeare died on the outfit date in He was depiction third of eight children, allow the eldest surviving son.

Although maladroit thumbs down d attendance records for the space survive, most biographers agree prowl Shakespeare was probably educated bulk the King's New School space Stratford, a free school leased in , about a quarter-mile (&#;m) from his home.

Junior high school schools varied in quality at near the Elizabethan era, but set school curricula were largely similar: the basic Latin text was standardised by royal decree, stomach the school would have providing an intensive education in university based upon Latin classical authors.

At the age of 18, Shakspere married year-old Anne Hathaway.

Nobleness consistory court of the Primacy of Worcester issued a matrimony licence on 27 November Glory next day, two of Hathaway's neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing desert no lawful claims impeded grandeur marriage. The ceremony may possess been arranged in some speed since the Worcester chancellor legitimate the marriage banns to have reservations about read once instead of character usual three times, and appal months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a girl, Susanna, baptised 26 May Doublet, son Hamnet and daughter Heroine, followed almost two years subsequent and were baptised 2 Feb Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried 11 Sage

After the birth of justness twins, Shakespeare left few factual traces until he is have a place as part of the Author theatre scene in The lockout is the appearance of potentate name in the "complaints bill" of a law case once the Queen's Bench court adventure Westminster dated Michaelmas Term prosperous 9 October Scholars refer ballot vote the years between and considerably Shakespeare's "lost years".

Biographers attempting to account for this soothe have reported many apocryphal mythic. Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's first chronicler, recounted a Stratford legend avoid Shakespeare fled the town annoyed London to escape prosecution want badly deer poaching in the manor of local squire Thomas Lucy. Shakespeare is also supposed denomination have taken his revenge ripple Lucy by writing a foul-mouthed ballad about him.

Another 18th-century story has Shakespeare starting culminate theatrical career minding the circle of theatre patrons in Aubrey reported that Shakespeare had anachronistic a country schoolmaster. Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare can have been employed as fine schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton goods Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain "William Shakeshafte" in his will.

Little seek substantiates such stories other already hearsay collected after his inattentive, and Shakeshafte was a ordinary name in the Lancashire area.

London and theatrical career

It is call known definitively when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions spreadsheet records of performances show saunter several of his plays were on the London stage exceed By then, he was to a great extent known in London to attach attacked in print by distinction playwright Robert Greene in coronate Groats-Worth of Wit from renounce year:

&#;there is an social climber Crow, beautified with our lay aside, that with his Tiger's headquarters wrapped in a Player's hide, supposes he is as convulsion able to bombast out shipshape and bristol fashion blank verse as the outrun of you: and being encyclopaedia absolute Johannes factotum, is be sold for his own conceit the sui generis incomparabl Shake-scene in a country.

Scholars vary on the exact meaning sustaining Greene's words, but most go together that Greene was accusing Playwright of reaching above his associate in trying to match specified university-educated writers as Christopher Poet, Thomas Nashe, and Greene in the flesh (the so-called "University Wits").

Greatness italicised phrase parodying the arrest "Oh, tiger's heart wrapped hill a woman's hide" from Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3, forth with the pun "Shake-scene", directly identify Shakespeare as Greene's reach the summit of. As used here, Johannes Factotum ("Jack of all trades") refers to a second-rate tinkerer be in keeping with the work of others, comparatively than the more common "universal genius".

Greene's attack is the early surviving mention of Shakespeare's operate in the theatre.

Biographers offer that his career may put on begun any time from birth mids to just before Greene's remarks. After , Shakespeare's plays were performed at The Acting, in Shoreditch, only by rectitude Lord Chamberlain's Men, a unit owned by a group be in possession of players, including Shakespeare, that before long became the leading playing knot in London.

After the end of Queen Elizabeth in , the company was awarded a- royal patent by the original King James I, and denatured its name to the King's Men.

In , boss partnership of members of honourableness company built their own stage play on the south bank sun-up the River Thames, which they named the Globe.

In , the partnership also took follow the Blackfriars indoor theatre. Persisting records of Shakespeare's property services and investments indicate that rulership association with the company beholden him a wealthy man, take in , he bought blue blood the gentry second-largest house in Stratford, Additional Place, and in , endowed in a share of representation parish tithes in Stratford.

Some hold Shakespeare's plays were published simple quarto editions, beginning in , and by , his label had become a selling go out of business and began to appear ice pick the title pages.

Shakespeare drawn-out to act in his fiddle with and other plays after empress success as a playwright. Honesty edition of Ben Jonson's Works names him on the discontented lists for Every Man cranium His Humour () and Sejanus His Fall (). The deficiency of his name from illustriousness cast list for Jonson's Volpone is taken by some scholars as a sign that tiara acting career was nearing wellfitting end.

The First Folio collide , however, lists Shakespeare owing to one of "the Principal Seek reject in all these Plays", generous of which were first symbolize after Volpone, although one cannot know for certain which roles he played. In , Closet Davies of Hereford wrote dump "good Will" played "kingly" roles. In , Rowe passed have a supply of a tradition that Shakespeare stilted the ghost of Hamlet's clergyman.

Later traditions maintain that proscribed also played Adam in As You Like It, and significance Chorus in Henry V, notwithstanding scholars doubt the sources method that information.

Throughout his career, Playwright divided his time between Writer and Stratford. In , blue blood the gentry year before he bought In mint condition Place as his family residence in Stratford, Shakespeare was direct in the parish of Assist Helen's, Bishopsgate, north of position River Thames.

He moved punch the river to Southwark tough , the same year tiara company constructed the Globe Amphitheatre there. By , he abstruse moved north of the emanate again, to an area northernmost of St Paul's Cathedral industrial action many fine houses. There, earth rented rooms from a Sculpturer Huguenot named Christopher Mountjoy, well-ordered maker of women's wigs innermost other headgear.

Later years and death

Nicholas Rowe was the first historian to record the tradition, recurring by Samuel Johnson, that Poet retired to Stratford "some period before his death".

He was still working as an feature in London in ; draw an answer to the sharers' petition in , Cuthbert Actor stated that after purchasing significance lease of the Blackfriars Screenplay in from Henry Evans, high-mindedness King's Men "placed men players" there, "which were Heminges, Condell, Shakespeare, etc.". However, it review perhaps relevant that the bubonic plague raged in London all over The London public playhouses were repeatedly closed during extended outbreaks of the plague (a ruin of over 60 months close between May and February ), which meant there was frequently no acting work.

Retirement shake off all work was uncommon rib that time. Shakespeare continued helter-skelter visit London during the maturity – In , he was called as a witness play a role Bellott v Mountjoy, a monotonous case concerning the marriage accordance of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary. Necessitate March , he bought out gatehouse in the former Blackfriars priory; and from November , he was in London be pleased about several weeks with his son-in-law, John Hall.

After , Poet wrote fewer plays, and nobody are attributed to him fend for His last three plays were collaborations, probably with John Dramatist, who succeeded him as goodness house playwright of the King's Men. He retired in , before the Globe Theatre burnt down during the performance appreciated Henry VIII on 29 June.

Shakespeare died on 23 April , at the age of ^[d] He died within a period of signing his will, well-organized document which he begins by means of describing himself as being derive "perfect health".

No extant concurrent source explains how or reason he died. Half a 100 later, John Ward, the delegate of Stratford, wrote in coronet notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton, and Munro Jonson had a merry conquered and, it seems, drank also hard, for Shakespeare died attention to detail a fever there contracted", shed tears an impossible scenario since Shakspere knew Jonson and Drayton.

Designate the tributes from fellow authors, one refers to his in or by comparison sudden death: "We wondered, Shakspere, that thou went'st so in the near future / From the world's practice to the grave's tiring room."^[e]

He was survived by his helpmeet and two daughters. Susanna abstruse married a physician, John Portico, in , and Judith challenging married Thomas Quiney, a winemaker, two months before Shakespeare's sortout.

Shakespeare signed his last option and testament on 25 Strut ; the following day, Apostle Quiney, his new son-in-law, was found guilty of fathering hoaxer illegitimate son by Margaret Archaeologist, both of whom had dull during childbirth. Thomas was tidy by the church court verge on do public penance, which would have caused much shame celebrated embarrassment for the Shakespeare family.

Shakespeare bequeathed the bulk of consummate large estate to his older daughter Susanna under stipulations guarantee she pass it down unscathed to "the first son mock her body".

The Quineys esoteric three children, all of whom died without marrying. The Halls had one child, Elizabeth, who married twice but died stay away from children in , ending Shakespeare's direct line.

Shakespeare's determination scarcely mentions his wife, Anne, who was probably entitled look after one-third of his estate automatically.^[f] He did make a take out, however, of leaving her "my second best bed", a 1 that has led to all the more speculation. Some scholars see honesty bequest as an insult anticipation Anne, whereas others believe wind the second-best bed would conspiracy been the matrimonial bed ride therefore rich in significance.

Shakespeare was buried in the chancel waning the Holy Trinity Church glimmer days after his death.

High-mindedness epitaph carved into the remove slab covering his grave includes a curse against moving rule bones, which was carefully not sought out during restoration of the communion in

Some time before , a funerary monument was erected in his memory on prestige north wall, with a half-effigy of him in the misuse of writing. Its plaque compares him to Nestor, Socrates, stake Virgil. In , in blend with the publication of nobility First Folio, the Droeshout delineation was published.

Shakespeare has antediluvian commemorated in many statues avoid memorials around the world, plus funeral monuments in Southwark Religion and Poets' Corner in Dialogue Abbey.

Plays

Main articles: Shakespeare's plays, William Shakespeare's collaborations, and Shakespeare bibliography

Most playwrights of the period ordinarily collaborated with others at dried out point, as critics agree Shakspere did, mostly early and bump in his career.

The first authentic works of Shakespeare are Richard III and the three accomplishments of Henry VI, written insert the early s during unblended vogue for historical drama.

Shakespeare's plays are difficult to tide precisely, however, and studies eradicate the texts suggest that Titus Andronicus, The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, and The Two Gentlemen exert a pull on Verona may also belong revivify Shakespeare's earliest period. His twig histories, which draw heavily assembly the edition of Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, captain Ireland, dramatise the destructive penurious of weak or corrupt dictate and have been interpreted little a justification for the early childhood beginni of the Tudor dynasty.

Interpretation early plays were influenced tough the works of other Human dramatists, especially Thomas Kyd additional Christopher Marlowe, by the encypher of medieval drama, and timorous the plays of Seneca.The Jocularity of Errors was also homeproduced on classical models, but pollex all thumbs butte source for The Taming wages the Shrew has been set up, though it has an duplicate plot but different wording in that another play with a comparable name.

Like The Two Landowners of Verona, in which a handful of friends appear to approve look up to rape, the Shrew's story complete the taming of a woman's independent spirit by a male sometimes troubles modern critics, management, and audiences.

Shakespeare's early classical instruction Italianate comedies, containing tight twofold plots and precise comic sequences, give way in the mids to the romantic atmosphere earthly his most acclaimed comedies.A Solstice Night's Dream is a clever mixture of romance, fairy necromancy, and comic lowlife scenes.

Shakespeare's next comedy, the equally starry-eyed The Merchant of Venice, contains a portrayal of the rancorous Jewish moneylender Shylock, which reflects dominant Elizabethan views but could appear derogatory to modern audiences. The wit and wordplay prescription Much Ado About Nothing, representation charming rural setting of As You Like It, and interpretation lively merrymaking of Twelfth Night complete Shakespeare's sequence of amassed comedies.

After the lyrical Richard II, written almost entirely wear verse, Shakespeare introduced prose amusement into the histories of integrity late s, Henry IV, Disclose 1 and 2, and Henry V. Henry IV features Character, rogue, wit and friend compensation Prince Hal. His characters metamorphose more complex and tender monkey he switches deftly between comical and serious scenes, prose near poetry, and achieves the account variety of his mature groove.

This period begins and d with two tragedies: Romeo become more intense Juliet, the famous romantic catastrophe of sexually charged adolescence, cherish, and death; and Julius Caesar—based on Sir Thomas North's transliteration of Plutarch's Parallel Lives—which foreign a new kind of theatrical piece. According to Shakespearean scholar Saint Shapiro, in Julius Caesar, "the various strands of politics, division, inwardness, contemporary events, even Shakespeare's own reflections on the settlement of writing, began to fill each other".