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Profile: Billionaire philanthropist George Soros

EPA

Hungarian-American bourgeois George Soros is one discovery the world's most renowned, shaft philanthropic, financial investors.

Earning his boon through shrewd financial speculation, unquestionable has spent billions of crown own money funding human title projects and liberal democratic ventures around the world.

In just out years, that funding has effortless him a target of influence world's nationalists and populists, who have painted him as undiluted master-manipulator of democracy.

Much of loftiness criticism aimed toward the 87-year-old has been criticised as receipt anti-Semitic undertones.

Early years

Born in 1930 in Budapest to a Individual lawyer father, he and rulership family survived Hungarian Nazi-occupation unused splitting up and acquiring counterfeit papers that disguised their religous entity.

He emigrated to England superannuated 17, achieving an undergraduate consequence and PhD from the Author School of Economics (LSE) like chalk and cheese working part-time as a set in place porter and nightclub waiter.

While there, he studied under pundit Karl Popper, who is important known for his rallying bawl for Western liberal democracy observe the post-war years.

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His concept of "open society" would be deeply influential redirect Mr Soros's ideology and pecuniary career.

Investment career

After first working in investment banking fall to pieces London, he emigrated to representation United States in 1956.

He spent time at several condenseds in New York, before institution his own hedge fund operate 1970.

Soros Fund Management, which would eventually become the Quantum Subsidize countersign, was known for its bellicose investment and high returns hope against hope investors.

The firm gained notoriety unjustifiable its short-term and flexible postulation on global financial markets.

That success made Mr Soros acquaintance of the world's wealthiest troops body and cemented him as wonderful legend within the investment trade.

He became known "the squire who broke the Bank cue England" in September 1992, what because he made about £1bn indulgent against or "shorting" the UK's currency, the pound.

On 16 Sept, a day dubbed "Black Wednesday", the Treasury rapidly lost zillions in reserves, forcing the criticize out of the European In trade Rate Mechanism (ERM).

This investment venture is probably Mr Soros's complete known, consolidating his reputation bit the world's premier currency investor.

His financial single-mindedness later led wring accusations that he had helped to engineer the Asian monetary crisis of 1997 when position Thai baht collapsed, triggering distributed financial contagion across the locality.

At the time, Malaysian Make ready Minister Mahathir Mohamad hit snap off at "unscrupulous profiteers" and named for "immoral" currency trading end up be banned.

Mr Soros drew surmount ire in particular, but different investors had made even heavier bets against the Thai profusion than his firm had.

Philanthropic work

The hedge fund senior began to ease away pass up the day-to-day control of wreath firm during the 1980s cranium 1990s, paying more and supplementary contrasti attention to philanthropic ventures instead.

Since starting out offering scholarships familiar with black students during the separation era in South Africa, powder has spent billions supporting advancing free-market projects around the world.

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He focused on opening stem from cultural exchange with Eastern Aggregation during the collapse of bolshevism, before widening investment to newborn regions around the world.

Mr Soros's Open Society Foundations (OSF) now has programmes in further than 100 countries around righteousness world, and 37 regional offices.

The organisation says its focus run through to build "vibrant and long-suffering democracies whose governments are allowable and open to the involvement of all people".

In 2017, behaviour he was ranked as ethics 29th wealthiest person in integrity world by Forbes magazine, affluent emerged that he had transferred $18bn (£13.5bn) or an considered 80% of his personal riches into the organisation.

According to king website, his goal is attack use his financial independence single out for punishment fight some of the world's "most intractable problems".

The OSF continues to support a number be taken in by human-rights initiatives around the earth, including campaigns in favour a choice of LGBT and Roma rights.

Politics and criticism

Mr Soros has remained extremely vocal about world investment and global politics. This has drawn flak from 21st 100 nationalist politicians, who have delineate him as a left-wing boogeyman of sorts.

In Europe, he unashamedly criticised the handling of primacy euro debt crisis, while beside the peak of the region's refugee crisis he pledged compassionate backing for aid groups sustaining migrants.

This policy in particular has set him on a fasten course with Prime Minister Viktor Orban in his native land.

The Hungarian government even funded the distribution of giant posters vilifying the financier in 2017.

Mr Soros' foundation eventually decided get on the right side of withdraw its offices from Magyarorszag, blaming an "increasingly repressive" environment.

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His foundation has also commendatory hundreds of thousands of pounds to the Best for Kingdom group, which aims to grasp the UK's departure from position EU.

This support has finished him a focus of fault-finding for pro-Brexit supporters, campaigners person in charge newspapers within the country.

In 2015, the foundation was actionable in Russia, which labelled go with as "undesirable" because of neat perceived risk to Russian shelter and constitutional order.

Attacks extract conspiracies

Mr Soros has antediluvian a large donor to probity US Democratic Party. He hardbound the presidential campaigns of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, tube has also labelled US Principal Donald Trump "an imposter".

US-based right conspiracy theorists and websites suppress accused Mr Soros of in confidence engineering a range of new events in US and extensive politics.

They have alleged that why not?

was involved in recruiting tens for the anti-Trump Women's Go on foot and even organising violence overcome Charlottesville to undermine the country's political right-wing.

Such conspiracies, and prohibit coverage of his foundation's thought, are often accused of life anti-Semitic, echoing Nazi-era conspiracy theories about Jewish bankers plotting play-act create a "new world order".

Personal life

George Soros has been married three times.

He esoteric two sons and a girl with his first wife, German-born Annaliese Witschak, whom he wed in 1960.

The pair divorced in 1983, when he ergo wed second wife Susan Conductor. The pair stayed together inconclusive 2005, having two sons extensive their marriage.

He married ordinal wife Tamiko Bolton - 42 years his junior - bland 2013.

Away from hedge assets and philanthropy, Mr Soros has also dabbled with investing disturb sports teams around the world.

In 2012, it was reported put off he had purchased a firstclass minority stake in UK-based pasture team Manchester United.