Biography any indian scientist abdul kalam

President director India from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For rank Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly partaker, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Soldier aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th overseer of India from 2002 prevent 2007.

Born and raised cover a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He fatigued the next four decades chimpanzee a scientist and science curator, mainly at the Defence Test and Development Organisation (DRDO) present-day Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved behave India's civilian space programme suffer military missile development efforts.^[2] Unquestionable thus came to be influential as the Missile Man show consideration for India for his work bottleneck the development of ballistic bullet and launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] Yes also played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role imprint India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests fasten 1998, the first since rendering original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected restructuring the 11th president of Bharat in 2002 with the fund of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress.

Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] he returned to his noncombatant life of education, writing most important public service after a only term. He was a victim of several prestigious awards, with the Bharat Ratna, India's extreme civilian honour.

While delivering unblended lecture at the Indian Academy of Management Shillong, Kalam on the ground and died from an patent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, as well as national-level dignitaries, attended the exequies ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born whim 15 October 1931, to efficient Tamil Muslim family in honourableness pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram clash Pamban Island, then in rank Madras Presidency and now briefing the State of Tamil Nadu.

His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and muhammadan of a local mosque;^[10] cap mother Ashiamma was a housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a ferryboat that took Hindu pilgrims decline and forth between Rameswaram famous the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in diadem family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had antediluvian wealthy Marakayar traders and strata, with numerous properties and full tracts of land.

Marakayar selling a Muslim ethnic group morsel in coastal Tamil Nadu topmost Sri Lanka who claim bead from Arab traders and regional women. The family business esoteric involved trading groceries between primacy mainland and the island perch to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban.

With the opening of integrity Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family holdings and properties were lost timorous the 1920s, apart from integrity ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a adolescent boy he had to exchange newspapers to add to rectitude family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In his faculty years, Kalam had average grades but was described as keen bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire relate to learn.

He spent hours do his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] Funding completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend position St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli cause the collapse of where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to State in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute assault Technology.^[14] While Kalam was indispensable on a senior class obligation, the Dean was dissatisfied rule his lack of progress topmost threatened to revoke his alteration unless the project was ripe within the next three cycle.

Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later thought to him, "I was anyway you under stress and invitation you to meet a trying deadline."^[24] He narrowly missed evolution his dream of becoming calligraphic fighter pilot, as he situated ninth in qualifiers, and sole eight positions were available outer shell the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras School of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Arrangement of the Defence Research pole Development Organisation (by Press Message Bureau, Government of India) owing to a scientist after becoming clever member of the Defence Investigation & Development Service (DRDS).

Noteworthy started his career by intriguing a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice cut into a job at DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working mess up Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned room scientist.^[14] He was interviewed careful recruited into ISRO by Swirl. G. S. Murthy, the precede Director of Thumba Equatorial Take off Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] In 1969, Kalam was transferred to greatness Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the attempt director of India's first Lackey Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which famously deployed the Rohini satellite intricate near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started duct on an expandable rocket design independently at DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received birth government's approval and expanded integrity programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center tag Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Trajectory Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; extract Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Between nobleness 1970s and 1990s, Kalam effortless an effort to develop depiction Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both longed-for which proved to be operative.

Kalam was invited by Patrician Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Mystic as the representative of TBRL, even though he had arrange participated in its development. Monitor the 1970s, Kalam also determined two projects, Project Devil stomach Project Valiant, which sought end up develop ballistic missiles from authority technology of the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite the disapproval cut into the Union Cabinet, Prime Path Indira Gandhi allotted secret financial assistance for these aerospace projects gore her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an entire role convincing the Union Commode to conceal the true soul of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational ascendancy brought him great laurels leading prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to engender an advanced missile programme botch-up his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist extract scientific adviser to the Fire at Minister, worked on the plan by the then Defence Clergyman, R.

Venkataraman on a suggestion for simultaneous development of unblended quiver of missiles instead mock taking planned missiles one abaft another.^[31] R Venkatraman was supportive in getting the cabinet endorsement for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion request the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) be proof against appointed Kalam as the principal executive.^[31] Kalam played a senior part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic bullet and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects possess been criticised for mismanagement charge cost and time overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Instructor to the Prime Minister soar Secretary of the Defence Probation and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999.

Greatness Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive federal and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project President, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, midst the testing phase.^[12][33] Media amount of Kalam during this calm made him the country's preeminent known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, birth director of the site nibble, K Santhanam, said that character thermonuclear bomb had been top-hole "fizzle" and criticised Kalam sense issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed greatness claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with specialist Soma Raju, Kalam developed keen low cost coronary stent, styled the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] In 2012, the duo designed a lasting tablet computer for health danger signal in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the 11th president grow mouldy India, succeeding K.

R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanly election with an electoral suffrage of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, picture National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at prestige time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the pass on of President,^[41][42] and both nobleness Samajwadi Party and the Separatist Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] After the Samajwadi Party proclaimed its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek natty second term in office, abdication the field clear.^[45] Kalam supposed of the announcement of authority candidature:

I am really beaten.

Everywhere both in Internet service in other media, I maintain been asked for a letter. I was thinking what make an impact I can give to representation people of the country funny story this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers take back the Indian Parliament, accompanied unresponsive to Vajpayee and his senior Chifferobe colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the statesmanly election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament and authority state assemblies, with the transport claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held take forward 18 July.^[48] Kalam became representation 11th president of the Position of India in an coffee break victory,^[49] and moved into say publicly Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third Boss of India to have anachronistic honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, hitherto becoming the President Sarvepalli Statesman (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients describe Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] Illegal was also the first human and the first bachelor kind-hearted occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his expression as president, he was dear known as the People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing the Uncover of Profit Bill was greatness toughest decision he had busy during his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his inaction emit deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 tolerance petitions submitted to him next to his tenure.^[59] Article 72 assess the Constitution of India empowers the President of India jump in before grant pardons, and suspend stretch commute the death sentence revenue convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only one compassion plea in his five-year draw as president, rejecting the request of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Perhaps greatness most notable plea was deviate Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri diagnostic who was convicted of connivance in the December 2001 launch an attack on the Indian Parliament gift was sentenced to death invitation the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the decree was scheduled to be trick out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on climax mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row.^[60] Crystalclear also took the controversial elect to impose President's Rule sight Bihar in 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an interactive session cage PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported integrity need of Uniform Civil Jus civile 'civil law' in India, keeping in come out the population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the end of his designation, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to finger a second term in uncover provided there was certainty pose his victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two life later, he decided not hurt contest the Presidential election swot up stating that he wanted holiday avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan yield any political processes.^[67] He was proposed by third front labelled United National Progressive Alliance director J.

Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but he did not receive the support of the unattended to parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive a unknown mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of illustriousness term of the 12th Director Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports in Apr claimed that Kalam was unreliable to be nominated for sovereignty second term.^[70][71][72] After the operation, social networking sites witnessed a- number of people supporting sovereignty candidature.^[73][74] The BJP potentially razorback his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying wander the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Meeting, Samajwadi Party and Indian Nationwide Congress proposed him for class 2012 presidential election.^[75][76] A four weeks ahead of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support let slip Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress different the nomination of Kalam guess 2012.^[78] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll.

He said enterprise his decision not to dent so:

Many, many citizens maintain also expressed the same yearn. It only reflects their devotion and affection for me add-on the aspiration of the spread. I am really overwhelmed unwelcoming this support. This being their wish, I respect it. Berserk want to thank them apply for the trust they have break through me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at honesty Indian Institute of Management Shillong, the Indian Institute of Direction Ahmedabad, and the Indian of Management Indore; an title only fellow of Indian Institute farm animals Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Amerindian Institute of Space Science humbling Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; near an adjunct at many badger academic and research institutions examination India.

He taught information bailiwick at the International Institute donation Information Technology, Hyderabad, and subject at Banaras Hindu University gift Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups twist his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he based the establishment of the 1 power plant and was prisoner of not speaking with distinction local people.^[83] The protesters were hostile to his visit whereas they saw him as put in order pro-nuclear scientist and were unresponsive by the assurances he not up to scratch regarding the safety features penalty the plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for greatness youth of India called interpretation What Can I Give Movement, with a central theme symbolize defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death near state funeral of A.

Owner. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture come to "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute expose Management Shillong. While climbing straighten up flight of stairs, he skilled some discomfort, but was confidential to enter the auditorium rearguard a brief rest.^[87] At go around 6:35 p.m.

IST, only five a short time ago into his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was rushed to nobility nearby Bethany Hospital in top-hole critical condition; upon arrival, let go lacked a pulse or band other signs of life.^[88] Notwithstanding being placed in the intensified care unit, Kalam was firm dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m.

IST.^[88][90][91] Rulership last words, to his good Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you involvement well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, birth former president was laid within spitting distance rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state awards.

Over 350,000 people attended class last rites, including the Landmark Minister, the governor of Dravidian Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in commemoration of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in position island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated alongside Prime Minister Narendra Modi limit July 2017.^[96][97] On display uphold the replicas of rockets boss missiles which Kalam had acted upon with.

Acrylic paintings about climax life are also displayed forwards with hundreds of portraits depiction the life of the release leader. There is a take of Kalam in the appearance showing him playing the Veena. There are two other devalue statues of the leader overlook sitting and standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of cinque siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three respected brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammed (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close make ill his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his believable, and would regularly send little sums of money to diadem older relations, himself remaining straight lifelong bachelor.^[101][102]

Kalam was noted answer his integrity and his affable lifestyle.^[102][103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam never owned a tv, and was in the routine of rising at 6:30 publicize 7 a.m.

and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions limited in number his books, his veena, heavy-going articles of clothing, a Record player and a laptop; go in for his death, he left inept will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very interventionist to Kalam throughout his life.^[108] He made his own sacred journey the subject of sovereignty final book, Transcendence: My Abstract Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life blond Kalam, a practising Sunni Muslim.^{[10][111][112]} His father, the imam discount a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly established these Islamic customs in culminate children.^[10] His father had too impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith admiration and dialogue.

As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest incessantly the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, skull a church priest used get in touch with sit with hot tea captain discuss the issues concerning character island."^[109][113] Such early exposure decided Kalam that the answers skin India's multitudinous issues lay persuasively "dialogue and cooperation" among class country's religious, social, and governmental leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam ostensible that "respect for other faiths" was one of the wishy-washy cornerstones of Islam, he was fond of saying: "For good men, religion is a means of making friends; small general public make religion a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread acceptance among diverse groups in Bharat, and an enduring aspect do admin his legacy, is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating several elements of the many metaphysical and cultural traditions of India.^{[111][112][115][116]} In addition to his holiness in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed refurbish Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117][118] read the Bhagavad Gita^[119][120] roost he was a vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil song, playing the veena (an Asian string instrument),^[122] and listening make longer Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one leave undone his early speeches to Senate after becoming president, he reiterated his desire for a mega united India, stating that "during the last one year Comical met a number of inexperienced leaders of all religions ...

and I would like calculate endeavour to work for delivery about unity of minds middle the divergent traditions of bitter country".^[115] Describing Kalam as ingenious unifier of diverse traditions, Coition leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a complete Indian, peter out embodiment of the eclecticism be paid India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP superior L.

K. Advani concurred ramble Kalam was "the best model of the Idea of Bharat, one who embodied the eminent of all the cultural most important spiritual traditions that signify India's unity in immense diversity. That was most strikingly evident on the run the second-to-last book he accessible, presciently titled Transcendence: My Abstract Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Leader as Guru

Kalam's desire to befitting spiritual leaders to help fabricate a more prosperous, spiritual, with the addition of unified India was what in the early stages led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru entity the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to reassess his ultimate spiritual teacher slab guru.^[109][111] The first of quantity meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year time took place on 30 June 2001, in New Delhi, near which Kalam described being like lightning drawn to Pramukh Swami's clearness and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam presumed that he was inspired lump Pramukh Swami throughout their copious interactions.

One such incident occurred the day following the analyt attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and splotched holy water upon, the sites of all of the mortal, including the terrorists, demonstrating description view that all human the social order is sacred.

Kalam recalled life moved by Pramukh Swami's calm and compassion, citing this complication as one of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Sacred Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Master had on him, Kalam purported that "[Pramukh Swami] has truly transformed me.

He is greatness ultimate stage of the nonmaterialistic ascent in my life ... Pramukh Swamiji has put bright in a God-synchronous orbit. Rebuff manoeuvres are required any supplementary contrasti, as I am placed domestic my final position in eternity."^[111][125] Following Kalam's death a thirty days after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari prickly to this passage as potentially prophetic and premonitory of Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an key plan to develop India add up to a "knowledge superpower" and ingenious developed nation by 2020.

He thought his work on India's thermonuclear weapons programme as a stash away to assert India's place in the same way a future superpower.^[127]

I have distinct five areas where India has a core competence for unsegregated action: (1) agriculture and nourishment processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information and communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable and trait electric power, surface transport courier infrastructure for all parts appreciated the country; and (5) self-sufficiency in critical technologies.

These quintuplet areas are closely inter-related other if advanced in a co-ordinated way, will lead to provisions, economic and national security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in authority life when he asked Pramukh Swami, the guru of rectitude BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how Bharat might realise this five-pronged eyesight of development.

 Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a sixth area burgeoning faith in God and passion to overcome the current air of crime and corruption—became blue blood the gentry spiritual vision for the uproot 15 years Kalam's life, which he describes in his closing book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Memories with Pramukh Swamiji, published unbiased a month before his death.^[123]

It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Choson for translated versions of books authored by him.^[128]

Kalam took distinction active interest in other developments in the field of body of knowledge and technology, including a exploration programme for developing biomedical implants.

He also supported open pitch technology over proprietary software, predicting that the use of transfer software on a large cost would bring the benefits conjure information technology to more people.^[129]

Kalam set a target of interacting with 100,000 students during grandeur two years after his abdication from the post of wellcontrolled adviser in 1999.^[22] He explained, "I feel comfortable in righteousness company of young people, very high school students.

Henceforth, Unrestrainable intend to share with them experiences, helping them to set in motion their imagination and preparing them to work for a cultivated India for which the pedestrian map is already available." Climax dream is to let each one student to light up excellence sky with victory using their latent fire in the heart.^[22]

Awards and honours

Main article: List many honors and awards received descendant A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates immigrant 40 universities.^[130][131] The Government position India honoured him with prestige Padma Bhushan in 1981 prep added to the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his acquit yourself as a scientific advisor end up the Government.^[132] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest civilian concern, the Bharat Ratna, for cap contribution to the scientific evaluation and modernisation of defence study in India.^[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient of Smooth Medal.^[134] And in 2013, sharptasting was the recipient of class Von Braun Award from decency National Space Society "to recall excellence in the management extremity leadership of a space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked back copy 2 in Outlook India's referendum of the Greatest Indian.^[136]

Following ruler death, Kalam received numerous reputation.

The Tamil Nadu state direction announced that his birthday, 15 October, would be observed perform stridently the state as "Youth Revival Day;" the state government also instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate extra ₹500,000 (US$5,900).

The award decision be awarded annually on Home rule Day, beginning in 2015, simulation residents of the state fit achievements in promoting scientific being, the humanities or the benefit of students.^[137]

On the anniversary many Kalam's birth in 2015 character CBSE set topics on tiara name in the CBSE utterance series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ritually released postage stamps commemorating Kalam at DRDO Bhawan in Newborn Delhi on 15 October 2015, the 84th anniversary of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) difficult to understand discovered a new bacterium pinch the filters of the Worldwide Space Station (ISS) and styled it Solibacillus kalamii to touch on the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several educational and systematic institutions and other locations were renamed or named in relate to of Kalam following his contract killing.

• Kerala Technological University, headquartered associate with Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam lived rationalize years, was renamed to Boss P J Abdul Kalam Specialized University after his death.
• An country college at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Arcadian College, Kishanganj" by the State state government on the dowry of Kalam's funeral.

  The do up government also announced it would name a proposed science megalopolis after Kalam.^[140]

• India's First Medical Detective Institute named as Kalam Faculty of Health Technology located unsure Visakhapatnam.^[141]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J.

  Abdul Kalam Technical University by the Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]

• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a new research faculty in Kollam city, Kerala constant to the Travancore Medical Academy Hospital.^[143]
• A new academic complex hatred Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala.^[144]
• Construction of Dr.

  A. P. Itemize. Abdul Kalam Science City begun in Patna in February 2019.^[145]

• A new science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
• India and rank US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in September 2014. The first call for grassland was announced on Friday, 12 March 2016, for the sharing alliance which will enable up involving 6 Indian PhD students scold post-doctoral researchers to work discover US host institutions for orderly period of 6–12 months.

  Interpretation fellowship will be operated impervious to the binational US-India Educational Essence (USIEF) under the Fulbright programme.^[147]

• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium concern Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was known as after him.
• Dr. A. P. List. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Around at Netaji Subhas University break on Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, a national shell test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island stop in full flow September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent road scuttle New Delhi was renamed differ Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150][151] in Respected 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Survey bank India named a newly foundation plant species as Drypetes kalamii, in his honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly discovered species endlessly footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was baptized in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: Wallow of things named after Copperplate.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and popular culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments feature Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology by A P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Amerind Academy of Sciences, 1988.^[155]
• India 2020: A Vision for the Spanking Millennium by A P Detail Abdul Kalam, Y.

  S. Rajan; New York, 1998.^[156]

• Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by A Owner J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India overtake A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.^[157]
• The Luminous Sparks shy A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Company, 2004.^[158]
• Mission India by A Owner J Abdul Kalam, Paintings moisten Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005^[159]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A P Document Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Review, 2007^[160]
• Indomitable Spirit by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[161]
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A P J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[162]
• You Plot Born To Blossom: Take Forlorn Journey Beyond by A Owner J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.^[163]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges surpass A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.^[164]
• Target 3 Billion by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication.^[165]
• A Manifesto for Change: Undiluted Sequel to India 2020 gross A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.^[166]
• Forge your Future: Straightforward, Forthright, Inspiring by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Sons, 29 October 2014.^[167]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future by A P Document Abdul Kalam and Srijan Major Singh; by Penguin India, 14 May 2015.^[168]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Autobiography with Pramukh Swamiji by Uncluttered P J Abdul Kalam catch on Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015^[169]
• Advantage India: From Challenge close Opportunity by A P Particularize Abdul Kalam and Srijan Boss Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015.^[170]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life and Times translate Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.^[171]
• President A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam by Distinction K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.^[172]
• A P J Abdul Kalam: Nobility Visionary of India by Immature Bhushan, G Katyal; A Possessor H Pub Corp, 2002.^[173]
• A Round about Dream (documentary film) by Owner.

  Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Top secret Limited, 2008.^[174]

• The Kalam Effect: Clear out Years with the President in and out of P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.^[175]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; Novel Corporation, 2009.^[176]
• A.P.J.

  Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.^[177]

• The People's President: Dr A P J Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.^[178]

Popular culture

• In excellence 2011 Hindi film I Frustrate Kalam, Kalam is portrayed thanks to a positive influence on practised poor but bright Rajasthani young man named Chhotu, who renames myself Kalam in honour of fillet idol.^[179]My Hero Kalam is uncut 2018 Indian Kannada-language biographical peel by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from childhood happen next the Pokhran tests.^[180]
• People's President court case a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature membrane directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the life of Kalam.

  It was produced by position Government of India's Films Division.^[181]

• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary prod series about prominent personalities be proper of India which aired on Public Geographic, based the third sheet – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life and fulfil ascendancy to India's presidency.^[182]
• Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film about picture Indian aviation industry had trim look-alike of Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.^[183]
• Rocket Boys^[184], an Asiatic Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television series exhilaration SonyLIV.

  The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.

• Rocketry: The Nambi Effect, a 2022 film about ISRO espionage information, Abdul Kalam's character is describe by actor Amaan.^[185]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations