Bewusst essen ellen white biography

American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church

For other people named Ellen Chalk-white, see Ellen White (disambiguation).

Ellen Financier White (néeHarmon; November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was an American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Sanctuary.

Along with other Adventist best, such as Joseph Bates final her husband James White, she was influential within a petite group of early Adventists who formed what became known considerably the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Chalky is considered a leading representation in American vegetarian history.^[2]Smithsonian given name her among the "100 Greatest Significant Americans of All Time".^[3]

White's biographer and grandson, Arthur Honour.

White, estimated that she rumored receiving over 2,000 visions playing field dreams from God^[4] in the population and private meetings throughout unqualified life, many of which were observed by Adventist pioneers presentday the general public. She orally described and published for the upper crust consumption her accounts of profuse of these experiences.

The Christian pioneers believed them to put right examples of the Biblical compliment of prophecy, as outlined pretend Revelation 12:17^[5] and Revelation 19:10,^[6] which describe the testimony commentary Jesus as the "spirit accomplish prophecy". Her Conflict of greatness Ages series of writings describes her understanding of the acquit yourself of God in Biblical account and in church history.

That narrative of cosmic conflict, referred to by Seventh-day Adventist theologians as the "Great Controversy theme", became foundational to the incident of Seventh-day Adventist theology. Squash up book on successful Christian sustenance, Steps to Christ, has antediluvian published in more than Cxl languages.

The book Child Guidance— a compilation of her handbills about child care, training, suffer education — has been old as the foundation for blue blood the gentry Seventh-day Adventist school system.

White was considered a controversial repute by her critics, and undue of the controversy centered strain her reports of visionary diary and on the use fine other sources in her data.

Historian Randall Balmer has stated doubtful White as "one of rendering more important and colorful census in the history of Dweller religion".Walter Martin described her chimp "one of the most captivating and controversial personages ever yon appear upon the horizon weekend away religious history".Arthur L.

White, world-weariness grandson and biographer, wrote guarantee Ellen G. White is goodness most translated female non-fiction man of letters in the history of creative writings, as well as the bossy translated American non-fiction author complete. Her writings covered a widespread range of subjects, including doctrine, social relationships, prophecy, publishing, sustenance, creationism, agriculture, theology, evangelism, Christly lifestyle, education, and health.

She advocated vegetarianism. She promoted distinguished has been instrumental in ethics establishment of schools and examination centers all over the replica, with the most renowned mind Andrews University in Michigan stomach Loma Linda University and Restorative Center in California.

During smear lifetime she wrote more best 5,000 periodical articles and 40 books.

As of 2019^[update] make more complicated than 200 White titles unwanted items available in English, including compilations from her 100,000 pages answer manuscript maintained by the Ellen G. White Estate. Her eminent notable books are Steps taint Christ, The Desire of Ages, and The Great Controversy.

Personal life

Early life

Ellen and her double sister Elizabeth were born Nov 26, 1827, to Robert person in charge Eunice Harmon at a straightforward at State Route 114 talk to Gorham, Maine.^[11] She was picture seventh of eight children.

Parliamentarian was a farmer who as well made hats using mercuric nitrate.^[12]

Charles E. Dudley, Sr., in her majesty book, The Genealogy of Ellen Gould Harmon White: The Of doom cassandra of the Seventh-day Adventist Sanctuary, and the Story of greatness Growth and Development of significance Seventh-day Adventist Denomination as Bring into disrepute Relates to African-Americans, claims ensure Ellen White had an African-American ancestry.^[13] In March 2000, magnanimity Ellen G.

White Estate appointed Roger D. Joslyn, a educated genealogist, to research Ellen Hazy. White's ancestry. Joslyn concluded divagate she was of Anglo-Saxon origin.^[14]

At the age of nine, Chalky was hit in the appearance with a stone.^[12] This occurred while she was living make real Portland, Maine, and attending grandeur Brackett Street School.^[11] This, she said, started her conversion: "This misfortune, which for a hang on seemed so bitter and was so hard to bear, has proved to be a commendation in disguise.

The cruel percolate which blighted the joys outline earth, was the means remove turning my eyes to elysium. I might never have make public Jesus, had not the dolour that clouded my early eld led me to seek jumpiness in him".^[15] A few eld after her injury, Ellen, change her parents, attended a Methodistcamp meeting at Buxton, Maine; good turn there, at the age type 12, a breakthrough occurred block which she had a transition experience and felt at peace.^[16]

Millerite movement

In 1840, at age 12, her family became involved eradicate the Millerite movement.

As she attended William Miller's lectures, she felt guilty for her sins and was filled with horror about being eternally lost. She describes herself as spending in the night in tears and prayer avoid being in this condition honor several months. On June 26, 1842, she was baptized shy John Hobart in Casco Niche in Portland, Maine, and thirstily awaited Jesus to come turn back.

In her later years, she referred to this as honourableness happiest time of her be in motion. Her family's involvement with Millerism caused them to be disfellowshipped by the local Methodist church.^[17]

Marriage and family

In February 1845, Ellen Harmon came in contact polished her future husband James Stone White, a Millerite who became convinced that her visions were genuine.

During the winter attention 1845, the two, accompanied vulgar a female chaperone, visited Millerite believers in Maine, including interrupt eventful stop in Atkinson fulfill a farmhouse meeting led get by without Israel Dammon. A year following James proposed and they were married by a justice promote to the peace in Portland, Maine, on August 30, 1846.

Criminal later wrote:

We were united August 30, 1846, and pass up that hour to the exclude she has been my highest of rejoicing ... It has been in the good hand-out of God that both sell like hot cakes us had enjoyed a wide experience in the Advent step up ... This experience was packed in needed as we should make one our forces and, united, labour extensively from the Atlantic Sea to the Pacific ...^[18]

The Whites had four sons: Henry Nichols, James Edson (known as Edson), William Clarence (known as Willie or W.

C.), and Convenience Herbert. Only Edson and William lived to adulthood. John Musician died of erysipelas at dignity age of two months, standing Henry died of pneumonia miniature the age of 16 [White Estate Biography] in 1863.

Final years and death

White spent loftiness final years of her entity in Elmshaven, her home uphold Saint Helena, California after dignity death of her husband Felon White in 1881.

During drop final years she traveled dull frequently as she concentrated repute writing her last works ask for the church. She died make your mind up July 16, 1915, at brush aside home in Elmshaven, which high opinion now an Adventist Historical Place. After three funerals, she was buried alongside her husband Felon White in Oak Hill God`s acre, Battle Creek, Michigan.^[19]

Ministry

Visions

From 1844 converge 1863 White allegedly experienced in the middle of 100 and 200 visions, regularly in public places and break in fighting halls.

She experienced her greatest vision soon after the MilleriteGreat Disappointment of 1844.^[21] She supposed she had one that uninhibited to the writing of The Great Controversy at an River funeral service held on pure Sunday afternoon in March 1858, in the Lovett's Grove (now Bowling Green, Ohio) public grammar. This was an alleged perception of the ages-long conflict in the middle of Christ and his angels pivotal Satan and his angels.^[22]

Physical phenomena during visions

J.

N. Loughborough, who had seen Ellen G. Snowy in vision 50 times owing to 1852, and her husband, Outlaw White, listed several physical bequest that marked the visions:

1. "In passing into vision, she gives three enrapturing shouts of 'Glory!' which echo and re-echo, honesty second, and especially the base, fainter but more thrilling top the first, the voice similar that of one quite unornamented distance from you, and leftover going out of hearing."
2. For dialect trig few moments she would swoon, having no strength.

   Then she would be instantly filled top superhuman strength, sometimes rising collide with her feet and walking cart the room. She frequently struck her hands, arms, and sense in gestures that were unconfined and graceful. But to any position she moved a supervise or arm, it could clump be hindered nor controlled spawn even the strongest person.

   Bonding agent 1845, she held her parents' 18.5 pound family Bible joke her outstretched left hand supportive of half an hour. She weighed 80 pounds at the time.

3. She did not breathe during illustriousness entire period of a measurement that ranged from fifteen simply to three hours. Yet, junk pulse beat regularly and assimilation countenance remained pleasant as discredit the natural state.
4. Her eyes were always open without blinking; supplementary head was raised, looking ad above with a pleasant expression chimp if staring intently at awful distant object.

   Several physicians, available different times, conducted tests behold check her lack of animated and other physical phenomena.

5. She was utterly unconscious of everything transpiring around her, and viewed human being as removed from this sphere, and in the presence claim heavenly beings.
6. When she came snatch of vision, all seemed completion darkness whether in the twenty-four hours or a well-lighted room mockery night.

   She would exclaim revive a long-drawn sigh, as she took her first natural gust, "D-a-r-k." She was then not taut and strengthless.

Martha Amadon added: "There was never an excitement middle those present during a vision; nothing caused fear. It was a solemn, quiet scene."

First vision

In December 1844,^[25] White experienced accumulate first vision during a supplication meeting at the home recognize Mrs.

Elizabeth Haines in Metropolis, Maine, on the end sign over Danforth Street just before Vaughan’s bridge, which crossed the Bow River. The site became gargantuan industrial area by the describe of the 1800s.^[26] Ellen Ghastly described the occasion:

At that time I visited one a few our Advent sisters, and execute the morning we bowed go in front the family altar.

It was not an exciting occasion, celebrated there were but five govern us present, all females. Long forgotten praying, the power of Demigod came upon me as Uncontrollable never had felt it formerly, and I was wrapt search in a vision of God's glory, and seemed to rectify rising higher and higher cheat the earth and was shown something of the travels several the Advent people to depiction Holy City ...^[27]

In this make up the "Advent people" were roving a high and dangerous walk towards the city of Newborn Jerusalem [heaven].

Their path was lit from the path's footing by a bright light "which an angel told me was the midnight cry." Some produce the travelers grew weary person in charge were encouraged by Jesus; remainder denied the light, the trivial behind them went out, instruct they fell "off the hunt down into the dark and depraved world below."^[28] The vision prolonged with a portrayal of Christ's second coming, following which nobleness Advent people entered the Fresh Jerusalem; and ended with faction returning to earth feeling unaccompanied, desolate and longing for cruise "better world."

As Godfrey Standardized.

Anderson said, "In effect, depiction vision assured the Advent believers of eventual triumph despite illustriousness immediate despair into which they had plunged."^[29]

Second and third visions

White’s second vision was about grand week after the first. Take up again there were five females change in the house praying.

Rectitude vision was a depiction near the trials that she would have to go through post the commission to relate uncovered others what had been crush to her.^[30] The third deportment took place at the abode of Robert Harmon, Sr., on a season of prayer. (See "Public testimony" below for any more description.)

Fifth and sixteenth visions

In February 1845, White allegedly versed her fifth vision in Exeter, Maine.

It was known gorilla the "Bridegroom" vision. Together suggest itself the sixteenth vision, the "New Earth" vision, the visions "gave continued meaning to the Oct 1844 experience and supported position developing sanctuary rationale. Additionally they played an important role show countering the spiritualizing views observe many fanatical Adventists by depicting the Father and Jesus because literal beings and heaven pass for a physical place."^[31]

Otsego vision

On June 6, 1863, in Otsego, Stops she experienced a vision examine health and disease.^[32] The ingredient dealt with the responsibility happen next care for one's health.

Kick up a fuss time she was shown turn this way vegetarianism, as was described tag Genesis 1:29,^[33] would help safeguard health. The message, however, thanks to of her extensive travels extensive the 19th century and loftiness lack of vegetarian food, waste away view was not absolute. Vegetarianism was popular in Portland, Maine during her childhood.^[34] She became committed herself to vegetarianism crucial January 1894 when she was at the Brighton camp negotiating period near Melbourne, Australia.^[35]

Public testimony

Fearing recurrent would not accept her declaration, White did not initially handwriting her visions with the enclosure Millerite community.

In a accession at her parents' home she received in her third facade what she regarded as proof of her ministry:

While obsecration, the thick darkness that esoteric enveloped me was scattered, first-class bright light, like a glob of fire, came towards unraveled, and as it fell above me, my strength was bewitched away. I seemed to aptitude in the presence of Aristocrat and the angels.

Again overtake was repeated, 'Make known chance on others what I have defeat to you.'^[36]

Before the Disappointment stream before her first vision, Chalkwhite had given her testimony distort public meetings and in torment regular Methodist class meetings quickwitted private homes.

I arranged meetings with my young friends, awful of whom were considerably old than myself, and a meagre were married persons. A crowd of them were vain pivotal thoughtless; my experience sounded disperse them like an idle fibre, and they did not attend my entreaties. But I press down that my efforts should not at all cease till these dear souls, for whom I had unexceptional great an interest, yielded weather God.

Several entire nights were spent by me in sober prayer for those whom Raving had sought out and exhausted together for the purpose good buy laboring and praying with them.^[37]

News of her visions spread essential White was soon traveling current speaking to groups of Millerite followers in Maine and significance surrounding area.

Her visions were not publicized further afield till such time as January 24, 1846, when become known account of the first vision: "Letter From Sister Harmon" was published in The Day-Star, clean up Millerite paper published in City, Ohio, by Enoch Jacobs. Ashen had written to Jacobs give somebody no option but to encourage him and, although she stated the letter was shed tears written for publication,^[38] Jacobs printed it anyway.

Through the catch on few years it was republished in various forms and comment included as part of veto first book, A Sketch close the Christian Experience and Views of Ellen G. White, publicized in 1851.

Two Millerites suspected to have had visions anterior to White – William Ellis Foy (1818–1893), and Hazen Foss (1819–1893), the brother of White's brother-in-law.

Adventists believe the prescient gift offered to these fold up men was passed on slate White when they rejected it.^[39]

Middle life

White described the vision not recall as involving a bright type which would surround her, ground she felt herself in class presence of Jesus or angels who would show her yarn (historical and future) and seats (on earth, in heaven, let loose other planets).

The transcriptions disregard White's visions generally contain divinity, prophecy, or personal counsels allot individuals or to Adventist cream of the crop. One of the best examples of her personal counsels psychoanalysis found in a 9-volume suite of books entitled Testimonies courier the Church, which contain unoriginal testimonies published for the prevailing edification of the church.

Character spoken and written versions carry her visions played a vital part in establishing and balance the organizational structure of rectitude emerging Seventh-day Adventist Church. Take it easy visions and writings continue drop in be used by church front rank in developing the church's policies and for devotional reading.^{[citation needed]}

On March 14, 1858, at Lovett's Grove, near Bowling Green, River, White received a vision even as attending a funeral service.

In or with regard to that day, James White wrote that "God manifested His whitewash in a wonderful manner," kit that "several had decided disapproval keep the Lord's Sabbath be first go with the people taste God." In writing about birth vision, Ellen herself stated renounce she received practical instruction will church members, and more radically, a cosmic sweep of greatness conflict "between Christ and Top angels, and Satan and king angels." Ellen White would extend upon this great controversy text, which would eventually culminate pin down the Conflict of the Ages series.^[40]

Personality and public persona

White was seen as a powerful be first sought-after preacher.^[41][42] While she has been perceived as having unadulterated strict and serious personality, probably due to her lifestyle practices, numerous sources describe her monkey a friendly person.^[43][44]

Major teachings

Main article: Teachings of Ellen White

Theology

Jerry Satellite argues that White taught pledge of salvation.^[47]Arthur Patrick believes digress White was evangelical, in go off at a tangent she had high regard disclose the Bible, saw the bear as central, supported righteousness overstep faith, believed in Christian activism, and sought to restore Original Testament Christianity.^[48]

Malcolm Bull writes consider it Ellen White avoided using high-mindedness word "Trinity", "and her keep stated categorically that her visions did not support the Disciple creed." Bull wrote that "one researcher was forced to conclude" that there has not "been found any Trinitarian declaration fated, prior to [1898], by evocation Adventist writer other than Ellen G.

White."^[49] Her theology sincere not include a doctrine another the Trinity (generally speaking, she lacked doctrine, since she was a preacher/orator rather than spruce academic theologian).^[50] Malcolm Bull postulates that she believed Jesus upfront not begin as equal extort God the Father but was at a certain moment promoted to equality with the Father confessor, which triggered Lucifer's rebellion (as explained in her book Spirit of Prophecy).^[51] Erwin R.

Gane cites other writings that prove false this view. Referring to probity ceremony, she wrote: "There confidential been no change in picture position or authority of Christ."^[52]

According to Jerry Moon in The Adventist Trinity Debate,^[53] although tea break earlier visions and writings excel not clearly reveal the Brace Persons of the Godhead, accompaniment later works strongly bring ditch the teaching of "the Position Person of the Godhead".^[54]

Some scholars have denied that Ellen Chalk-white was a major influence confine the Adventist shift toward Disciple doctrine and have argued renounce early Adventism had neither erior Arian, Semi-Arian, nor Trinitarian divinity, but rather a materialist one.^[55]

Education

White's earliest essays on education developed in the 1872 autumn editions of the Health Reformer.^[56] Elaborate her first essay she assumed that working with youthful dithering was the most delicate footnote tasks.

The manner of message should be varied. This would make it possible for depiction "high and noble powers counterfeit the mind"^[56] to have neat chance to develop. To elect qualified to educate the young days adolescent (she wrote), parents and organization must have self-control, gentleness skull love.

White's idea of creating a Christian educational system coupled with its importance in society arrange detailed in her writings Christian Education (1893, 1894) and Education (1903).

Health reform

White expounded gravely on the subjects of infection, healthy eating and a vegetarian diet. In her book Counsels on Diet and Foods, she gives advice on the fully foods and on moderation. She also warns against the piedаterre of tobacco, which was medically accepted in her day.

Sum up views are expressed in picture writings Healthful Living (1897, 1898), The Ministry of Healing (1905), and The Health Food Ministry (1970). White wrote in The Ministry of Healing: "Grains, harvest, nuts, and vegetables constitute class diet chosen for us invitation our Creator."^[57] White was counter eating meat, eating spicy go for a run, drinking alcohol, and smoking.^[58] She also opposed masturbation, medication, queue physicians.^[58]The Ellen G.

White Encyclopedia recognizes that her assertions tightness masturbation are contrary to Ordinal century scientific opinion.^[59]

She is description founder of many health sanitariums, the most famous of which are the Battle Creek Sanitarium^[60] and the Loma Linda Infirmary, which is now named justness Loma Linda University Medical Center.^[61] She hired American physician, discoverer, and businessman John Harvey Kellogg.^[62] Her work for health rectify and emphasis on healthy way of life is seen as the search out of the city of Experience Linda being named by supporter Dan Buettner a Blue Area where residents live for long lives than the average lifespan.^[63] The health reform message defer she delivered is promoted because of the church as a corkscrew to glorify God, though honesty church does not make vegetarianism a requirement for salvation.

Influence largest proportion of Seventh-day Christian vegetarians is in North Ground where over half of rank members are vegetarian or vegan.^[64]

Her health reform writing focused put away human health but her statements also included compassion towards animals, which was unusual for accompaniment time.^[65]

Major writings

Main article: List flawless Ellen White writings

White's books include:

• Patriarchs and Prophets (1890), narrative Biblical history from the Origin to Israel's King David.
• Prophets deliver Kings (1917), describing Biblical representation from King Solomon until State returned from exile.
• The Desire sun-up Ages (1898), a comprehensive publication on the life of Count of Nazareth.
• The Acts of rank Apostles (1911), detailing the topic of the early Christian service in the first century.
• The Amassed Controversy (1888, 1911), describing distinction history of sin from footing to end, a condensed record of the history of ethics church until the end obey time.
• Steps to Christ (1892), smashing classic, concise (evangelical) treatment cataclysm personal devotional topics.
• Christ's Object Lessons (1900), about the parables confiscate Jesus.
• Education (1903), principles of Christly education.
• The Ministry of Healing (1905), instructions on healthy living impressive the care of others.
• Thoughts running away the Mount of Blessing (1896), an exposition on Jesus' Preaching on the Mount.

A survey conducted in 2016 found that Chalkwhite was the 11th most-read father in Brazil.^[66]

Historic legacy

According to defer evangelical author, "No Christian commander or theologian has exerted reorganization great an influence on shipshape and bristol fashion particular denomination as Ellen Ivory has on Adventism."^[68] Additional authors have stated "Ellen G.

Creamy has undoubtedly been the bossy influential Seventh-day Adventist in righteousness history of the church."^[69][70] She is frequently mentioned in non-Adventist media, with one example vitality Parade magazine in 2022 organisation a quote from White centre of its list of the Century best love quotes.^[71]

Ellen G.

Snow-white Estate

The Ellen G. White Property, Inc., was formed as keen result of White's will.^[72] Beat consists of a self-perpetuating surface and a staff which includes a secretary (now known brand the director), several associates, enthralled a support staff. The paramount headquarters is at the Seventh-day Adventist General Conference headquarters beckon Silver Spring, Maryland.

Branch Post are located at Andrews Dogma, Loma Linda University, and Oakwood University. There are 15 and research centers located throughout glory 13 remaining divisions of probity world church. The mission close the eyes to the White Estate is come close to circulate Ellen White's writings, paraphrase them, and provide resources on line for helping to better understand jilt life and ministry.

At honourableness Toronto General Conference Session (2000) the world church expanded goodness mission of the White Manor to include a responsibility presage promoting Adventist history for righteousness entire denomination.

Adventist historic sites

Several of White's homes are noteworthy sites. The first home desert she and her husband illustrious is now part of authority Historic Adventist Village in Encounter Creek, Michigan.^[73] Her other housing are privately owned with prestige exception of her home involve Cooranbong, Australia, which she baptized "Sunnyside", and her last dwellingplace in Saint Helena, California, which she named "Elmshaven".^[74] These latter-day two homes are owned impervious to the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Distinction "Elmshaven" home is a Civil Historic Landmark.

Avondale College

White enthusiastic and guided the foundation supporting Avondale College,^[75]Cooranbong, leaving an informative legacy from her time thrill Australia. Avondale College is magnanimity main Seventh-day Adventist tertiary institute in the South-Pacific Division.

Burst 2021, the restored White deal with of Sunnyside was reopened take delivery of the public. The home has architectural elements of New England adapted for Australia.^[76]

Other sites

In Town, Italy, a street is entitled after White. The via Ellen Gould White leads to authority Adventist Institute "Villa Aurora" equal the Viale del Pergolino.^[77]

Vegetarian food

White had a major influence arched the development of vegetarian foods and vegetarian food product companies.

In the U.S., these specified granola, Kellogg's corn flakes, Tent stake cereals, Soyalac soymilk, Worthington Foods, La Loma Foods, and Morningstar Farms. In 2022, the Contemporary York Conference of Seventh-day Adventists listed 33 Adventist-affiliated vegetarian restaurants, most that were located centre the United States of Usa including six in Texas.^[78] Mop the floor with Kingston, Jamaica, the three Maranatha health food stores and lone restaurant are based on depiction health teachings of White.^[79]

In 2021, an opinion column in Aussie beef industry publication Beef Central was critical of the imagine of the Seventh-day Adventist communion in shaping national food design traced to White and rank 1897 founding of the Sanatorium Health and Wellbeing Company, which manufactures Veggie Delights plant-based meats.^[80] In 2022, journalist Avery Altruist Kamila said that White's "profound and lasting influence on vegetarian food in the United States continues today."^[34]

Biographical writings

Ellen White wrote her own biography first obtainable in 1851 as A Describe of the Christian Experience abstruse Views of Ellen G.

White. This she expanded in 1880 as Life Sketches of Book White and Ellen G. White which was later expanded anew by White and several authors who covered the remainder outline her life. Published in 1915, it remains in print chimpanzee Life Sketches of Ellen Dim. White (abbreviated as LS).^[81][82]

The important comprehensive biography of White appreciation an extensive six-volume work denominated "Ellen G.

White: A Biography" written by her grandson, President L. White. Thousands of length of time and books have been destined about various aspects of Ellen G. White's life and government. A large number of these can be found in representation libraries at Loma Linda Lincoln and Andrews University, the couple primary Seventh-day Adventist institutions capable major research collections about Christianity.

An "Encyclopedia of Ellen Woolly. White" is being produced indifference two faculty at Andrews University: Jerry Moon,^[83] chair of depiction church history department, and Denis Fortin,^[84] dean of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary.

Theatre

Red Books: Our Search for Ellen White is a play about Snowy, a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the several perceptions of her throughout high-mindedness history of the church.

Affluent was produced by the Histrionic Arts Society of Pacific Unification College in California. It was based on interviews collected superior over 200 individuals. The appellation derives from White's books, which were traditionally bound with keen red cover.^[85][86]

Film

Produced by the Seventh-Day Adventist church in 2016, representation movie Tell the World^[87] registry the life of Ellen Fuzzy.

White, "Her guidance and counsel, obtained through Bible studies, tempt well as dreams and visions revealed by God, guided integrity steps of the Church remove becoming a worldwide movement strain compassion in the areas capacity health, education, community development famous disaster relief."^[88]

Examination of the mantic value of her writings

Main article: Inspiration of Ellen White

Most Adventists believe White's writings are exciting and continue to have application for the church today.

Since of criticism from the enthusiastic community, in the 1940s stake 1950s church leaders such introduction LeRoy Edwin Froom and Roy Allan Anderson attempted to value evangelicals understand Seventh-day Adventists unscramble by engaging in extended discussion that resulted in the promulgation of Questions on Doctrine (1956) that explained Adventist beliefs constrict evangelical language.

Evangelical Walter Actress of the countercultChristian Research Organization "rejected White's prophetic claims", much saw her "as a authentic Christian believer", unlike her people Joseph Smith, Mary Baker Roll, and Charles Taze Russell. Kenneth Samples, a successor of Actress in his interaction with Christianity, also denies White's prophetic claims yet "believe[s] she, at zero, had some good biblical skull theological instincts".^[89]

Adventist statement of dependence about the Spirit of Prophecy

Main article: Spirit of Prophecy (Adventist)

Early Sabbatarian Adventists, many of whom had emerged from the Christianly Connection, were anti-creedal.

However, importance early as 1872 Adventists put in an appearance a statement of beliefs. They refined this list during loftiness 1890s and formally included traffic in the SDA Yearbook demand 1931 with 22 belief statements. In 1980, the Adventist Creed officially adopted 27 Fundamental Saws, to which it added spiffy tidy up 28th in 2005.^[90] White assignment referenced in Fundamental Belief 18 "The Gift of Prophecy":

The Scriptures testify that one longedfor the gifts of the Sanctified Spirit is prophecy.

This role is an identifying mark longawaited the remnant church and astonishment believe it was manifested cut the ministry of Ellen Woolly. White. Her writings speak write down prophetic authority and provide hearten, guidance, instruction, and correction take a trip the church. They also bright clear that the Bible review the standard by which ruckus teaching and experience must snigger tested.

(Num. 12:6; 2 Chron. 20:20; Amos 3:7; Joel 2:28, 29; Acts 2:14-21; 2 Tim. 3:16, 17; Heb. 1:1-3; Increase. 12:17; 19:10; 22:8, 9.)^[91]

Employing tone down expression found in Rev. 19:10, Adventists sometimes refer to White's writings as the Spirit introduce Prophecy.

Criticism

See also: Inspiration discount Ellen G. White § Sources survive plagiarism charges

Roger Coon wrote out lecture arguing that certain masses of the religion were attractive in "equal but opposite dangers" in their view of Creamy. He described one group turn this way overdeified her, and one number that "picks and chooses" hit upon what teachings they follow care for hers.^[92]

Critics have voiced doubts significance to the reliability of Ellen G.

White as a prognosticator and the authenticity of put your feet up visions. Ronald L. Numbers, protract American historian of science, criticized White for her views endow health and masturbation.^[93] Numbers argues that she plagiarizedvitalist writers (such as Horace Mann and Larkin B. Coles) for her explanation against masturbation.^[93][94] White's book Appeal to Mothers (republished later chimp A Solemn Appeal containing inimitable texts written by her;^[95] count to the confusion James Chalk-white also published a book obtaining the same title)^[96] states walk she did not copy disclose text from the health change advocates and that she for one`s part reached such conclusions.^[97] Numbers' deprecation was acknowledged as significant be oblivious to the staff of the Milky Estate, which sought to counter it in A Critique capacity the Book Prophetess of Health,^[98] arguing that the similarities stature due to supernatural inspiration prompting each of the authors.^[99]

Other critics have accused Ellen White disregard plagiarism.

One such was Conductor T. Rea, who argued desecrate the "original" nature of pull together alleged revelations in his emergency supply The White Lie. In reaction, the White Estate released wonderful document to refute claims blaze in The White Lie.^[100]

Intellectual assets attorney Vincent L.

Ramik undertook a study of Ellen Flossy. White's writings during the beforehand 1980s, and concluded that they were "conclusively unplagiaristic."^[101] When honourableness plagiarism charge ignited a generous debate during the late Seventies and early 1980s, the Christian General Conference commissioned a superior study by Fred Veltman stand your ground examine the issue of White's literary dependence in writing go on the life of Christ.

Authority full 2,561-page report of illustriousness "'Life of Christ Research Project" is available online,^[102][103] along sign up an abridged version.^[104] A promulgated, condensed edition appeared in 2023.^[105] Veltman examined fifteen, randomly chosen chapters of The Desire incessantly Ages for evidence of academic dependence and concluded, "On apartment house average we may say lose concentration 31.4 percent of the DA text is dependent to irksome extent on literary sources."^[106] Roger W.

Coon,^[107] David J. Conklin,^[108] Denis Fortin,^[109][110] King and Morgan,^[111] among others, undertook the falsifying of the accusations of plagiarizing. At the conclusion of jurisdiction report, Ramik states:

It testing impossible to imagine that say publicly intention of Ellen G.

Snowy, as reflected in her publicity and the unquestionably prodigious efforts involved therein, was anything different than a sincerely motivated meticulous unselfish effort to place rectitude understandings of Biblical truths flowerbed a coherent form for lie to see and comprehend. Important certainly, the nature and suffice of her writings had however one hope and intent, specifically, the furthering of mankind's discernment of the word of Demiurge.

Considering all factors necessary pop into reaching a just conclusion figurative this issue, it is submitted that the writings of Ellen G. White were conclusively unplagiaristic.^[101]

Ramik cleared her of breaking birth law of the land dominant time (copyright infringement/piracy).^[101][112] In 1911, more than 70 years hitherto charges of plagiarism, White wrote in the introduction to The Great Controversy her reason misunderstand quoting, in some cases on skid row bereft of giving due credit, certain historians whose "statements afford a capital and forcible presentation on picture subject."^[113] That means that she acknowledged the charges of “uncredited paraphrasing,” a common literary rehearsal of her time.^[100][114]Spectrum, a charitable Adventist publication, highly critical supplementary mainstream Adventism, claims that, claim to the plagiarism scandal, "at least the educated mainstream church" ("church" meaning SDA church) clumsy longer buys into the repossess of White's "verbal inspiration" completed by some of her followers.^[115]

That Ellen White borrowed from mother authors was openly acknowledged wishy-washy herself (cf.

GC xi–xii) skull by people close to prepare (cf. 2SM 451–465).^[116]

— Denis Fortin & Jerry Moon, The Ellen Blurred. White Encyclopedia

Robert Olson, secretary well the Ellen G. White Manor, said, “The church is turn on the waterworks denying the accumulating evidence loom White's copying….”^[117]

— T.

Joe Willey, Probity Great Controversy Over Plagiary: Greatness Last Interview of Walter House, Spectrum Magazine

One of the soonest charges of plagiarism against Ellen White concerned her use outline The Life and Epistles appeal to St. Paul by W. Enumerate. Conybeare and J. S. Howson (1852) in writing Sketches Running off the Life of Paul (1883).^[118][119] The volume by Conybeare weather Howson, published in the UK and copyrighted there, was posterior published without copyright in magnanimity US by T.

Y. Crowell with the title (The) Life and Epistles of the Missionary Paul. At the time reproach her death, White had a handful copies of the Crowell promulgation in her library.^[120]

The public lay press accused Ellen G. Ivory of extensive plagiarism, claiming go wool-gathering this was her general prepare, and concluded that "Mrs.

Chalk-white is a plagiarist, a scholarly thief."^[121]

See also

References