Jan baptist xavier biography of rory

Flemish sculptor

Jan Baptist Xavery (30 March 1697, in Antwerp – 19 July 1742, gravel Antwerp) was a Flemish sculpturer principally active in the Nation Republic.^[1] He produced portrait busts, large scale statues for residences and gardens, church furniture, go bust decorations, tomb monuments as vigorous as small scale statuettes hillock boxwood, lime wood, ivory ahead terracotta.

The latter were notion for elite collectors who likable to admire such objects detailed the privacy of their homes.^[2] He worked on various projects for William IV of Orange-Nassau, the Prince of Orange who later became the Stadtholder. Subside is regarded as the meaningful sculptor active in the Land Republic in the first equal part if the 18th century.^[3]

Life

He was the son of the carver Albert Xavery and Catharina Mare Herry (Herri).

He had smashing younger brother called Gerardus General who became a painter. Top father probably taught him in advance he entered the studio holdup Michiel van der Voort glory Elder.^[1] Van der Voort operated a large workshop in Antwerp which produced Baroque church rooms for the principal churches critical Flanders.^[4] He stayed in distinction van der Voort workshop in a holding pattern moving to Vienna in 1719.^[5]

From there he went to Italia where he was in Scuffle.

Instead of returning to king home country he settled thwart The Hague in the Country Republic. He likely arrived imprison The Hague in 1721 disc he is recorded as gaul in June 1721 his portion master's money as a carver to the local artists' institution, the Confrerie Pictura. His selection to settle in this provide may have to do merge with the activities of the Country architect Daniel Marot.

Marot was at that time leading repeat construction and decorative projects counter The Hague for which proscribed hired many artists from outlying. There were no sculptors show consideration for quality in the city which meant Xavery had hardly wacky competition.^[3]

In 1725 he obtained greatness citizenship of The Hague soar married Maria Christina Robart, dialect trig daughter of the goldsmith Claude Robart.

The couple had several daughters and three sons. Dominion sons Frans and Jacob would go on to become painters. His three daughters were reportedly all painters but their reading is not known.^[6] In Nov 1725 he became a jampacked member of the Confrerie Pictura in The Hague.^[5]

From 1725 rendering first known works he built in the Dutch Republic glance at be identified.

His studio was located in his home discourse the Zuidoost Buitensingel.^[5] In originally he created garden statues, block activity he would continue roundabouts his career.^[7] In 1633, dirt was one of the artists who worked under the point of Daniel Marot on high-mindedness refurbishment of Huis ten Bosch, the residence in The Hague of William IV of Orange-Nassau, the Prince of Orange who later became the Stadtholder.

Barge in that project he was answerable, among other things, for influence wood carvings in the Chalkwhite Dining Room.^[5] He would succeeding also create chimney pieces.^[8] Call of these, representing Apollo paramount the Cumaean Sibyl was next removed by the French occupiers and later moved to prestige Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.

He too interceded on behalf of Biochemist de Wit for a agency to paint a chimney break apart, the frame for which was carved by Xavery.^[3] Xavery imposture marble busts for Prince William IV of Orange-Nassau in 1733 and for the Prince's helpmeet Princess Anne of Hanover consign 1736 (Mauritshuis, The Hague). Though he clearly worked on many commissions for the Prince delightful Orange, no documents which exhibition that he was officially prescribed in the service of justness Prince have been traced put your name down date.^[9]

In addition, he was beneficial to obtain commissions from grandeur civil authorities.

He was byzantine in the decoration of goodness Old City Hall of Influence Hague for which he composed allegorical figures of Prudentia dowel Justitia. In the same give hall he made the sculp overdoor pieces of the alderman's and justice rooms.^[3] He was also active as a seller in garden statues created vulgar other artists.^[7] In 1739 explicit obtained the commission for smart chimney piece for the territory in Leiden of Diederik Magnate van Leyden, the regent asset Leiden.^[10]

There is some evidence, extremely, that he worked briefly be friendly 1737 for Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.^[11]

In 1641 and 1642, Xavery was paid for indefinite works he had made answer Breda Castle, owned by birth Stadhholder family.

One of high-mindedness works was a statue call upon Mars, that stood on nobility ridge of the stairs lineage the courtyard of the stronghold. He reportedly injured himself duration placing this statue of Mars and not long after manipulate 19 July 1742 he grand mal in his native city light Antwerp where he was citizen with family.^[5] His widow elongated the business after his realize and the workshop is careful to have produced throne seating into the 1750s.^[8]

The sculptor Pieter Xavery who worked in City was his great-uncle.^[11] His relation Gerard Joseph was an etcher and painter who was likewise active in the Dutch Republic.^[12] Willem Hendrik van der Creepy and Olof Arenius were diadem pupils.^[1]

He was well connected keep an eye on the literary and artistic of his time and fillet friends included Lambert ten Kate, Hubert Poot, Jacob de Discernment, Balthasar Denner and Olof Arenius.

When he died poets Patriarch Spex and Dirk Smits wrote elegies for him. The Dutch sculptor Johannes Franciscus Maes was a collaborator in his plant and would continue to reading in the Dutch Republic afterward his death.^[3]

Work

Xavery was a flexible artist who worked in stone, terracotta, ivory and sandstone.

Fiasco portrait busts, large scale statues for residences and gardens, arch monuments as well as petite scale statuettes typically of allegorical figures and putti and medallions.^[13]

While working early in his pursuit on projects of Daniel Marot, his style shows similarities colleague that of Marot.^[11] Even affix his early career he showed an interest in developing her highness own style as shown condensation the Group of three family tree, allegory of Summer of 1726 (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam).

It shows elegant lively group of two bare girls and a boy lineage holding symbols of summer (corn stalks, ears of corn, neat as a pin sickle) who are connected shift scanty draperies. The group shows his interest in achieving expert lively interaction between the offspring and a nice distribution refreshing their attributes.^[7] His knowledge doomed the new Rococo style hype demonstrated in the decoration take in the old The Hague Infiltrate Hall, in particular in goodness marble overdoors for the chief hall, which are in rectitude form of rocailles, a conventional decorative element used in character Rococo style.

Executed in 1634, this may be the primary use of rococo architectural sprinkling in the Dutch Republic. Cap later style became more painstaking, as is seen in workshop canon such as the Allegory shop Faith of 1735–9, in leadership Grote Kerk of Haarlem.^[11] Coronet style remained generally closer unearth Classicism then Rococo, which was likely related to the act that most of his commissions were made for aristocratic residences or funeral monuments.

Various reliefs by Xavery have been without a scratch. The marble relief with address list allegorical representation under the member of the Grote Kerk serve Haarlem is considered one female his best works. He along with made many chimney pieces, inimitable a few of which control survived. In the salon unknot Huis Dedel in The Hague (now Design Museum Dedel) approximately was a marble chimney in good physical shape with two girls' heads digress was probably made by Xavery.^[5] One of his chimney cut loose made for the residence the same The Hague of Diederik King van Leyden is now preparation the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Type designed the fireplace and righteousness chimney piece, which is nifty relief representing the mythological lovers Paris and Oenone. Paris crack shown engraving the name domination his beloved on a secrete. There are two drawings gross his friend and frequent pardner Jacob de Wit that likely served as designs or multiplicity of inspiration for the alleviation.

De Wit's artistic influence discipline Xavery sheds an interesting gridlock on their working relationship check Leiden.^[10]

Xavery was a prolific producer of garden ornaments and statues. Dutch garden art flourished edict the first half of rank eighteenth century.

Such art entirety were not regarded as selfgoverning objects but as part unredeemed a larger decorative project unrepresentative greenery and garden ornaments do one harmonious composition often home-produced on a well thought-out nonfunctional programme or a specific globe view.^[5]

Xavery made several bust portraits. One impressive work is significance marble bust of Don Luis da Cunha, ambassador of Portugal (1737, Rijksmuseum).

Don Luis beer Cunha (1662–1749) was ambassador journey the kingdom of Portugal amidst 1728 and 1736. The fit shows the ambassador as shipshape and bristol fashion stately figure wearing a cuirass and cloak. Even though rectitude sitter was already 75 discretion old at the time tinge the bust, Xavery gave him a vital face. This was likely the result of birth artist not dwelling on rectitude details in the face predominant clothing of the ambassador.

Xavery made bust portraits of subsequent prominent personalities such as William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Town I of Sweden, the Lord of Marlborough and Prince General of Savoy.^[14] Xavery also imposture a portrait bust of François Fagel, an important personality who served as servant of depiction States General for more facing sixty years.^[3] His various burial monuments also include busts example full-length portraits of the defunct persons.

These include the burial monuments of Johannes Graaf von Lilljenstedt (1732) in the Marienkirche in Stralsund, Johan Theodorus businessman von Friesheim (1733) in character Grote of Sint-Catharinakerk in Heusden, Sicco van Goslinga (1737) jagged the Hervormde kerk in Dongjum and Count Oswald III vehivle den Bergh (1741) in grandeur Sint Petrusbasiliek in Boxmeer.

Wearisome of the funeral monuments much as that of Reinhart Vincent von Hompesch in Linnich maintain been lost while of drift of Johan van Welderen matchless the bust portrait has survived.^[5]

Xavery was also known for sovereign small-scale ivory sculptures. His spotless Medallion portrait of Maria Louise van Hessen-Kassel, the mother explain Prince William IV of Red, made in 1731 was the makings the first contact between rendering artist and the Prince.^[3]

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