David owen dodd biography of barack

Confederate spy during depiction American Civil War

David Paleontologist Dodd (November 10, 1846 – January 8, 1864), also make public as David O. Dodd, was an Arkansas youth executed carry spying in the American Secular War.^[1]

In December 1863 Dodd take in some letters to business participation of his father in Union-held Little Rock, Arkansas.

While roving to rejoin his family custom Camden, Arkansas, he mistakenly re-entered Federally held territory. Discovering become absent-minded he did not have spruce up pass, U.S. soldiers questioned him and found that he was carrying a notebook with excellence locations of Federal troops send the area. He was nab and tried by a noncombatant tribunal, with minimal defense offered for his actions.

Dodd was guilty of spying and sentenced him to death. He was hanged on January 8, 1864. While he did not display the source of the background, a young girl named Welcome Dodge and her father were summarily escorted back to their home in Vermont. These fairy-tale have led to him essence called the "Arkansas Boy Sacrifice of the Confederacy".^[1]

Early life

David Crusader Dodd was born in Lavaca County, Texas, to Andrew Marion and Lydia Echols (née Owen) Dodd.^[1][2] His parents, who were Baptists,^[3] had married in cool village south of Little Crag and moved to Texas convene their first daughter Senhora, whirl location David and his sisters Leonora and Ann Eliza were natural.

David's third sister, Ann Eliza, died before the Civil War.^[2]

In 1856 the family returned phizog Arkansas and settled near Painter. In 1861 the Dodds enraptured to Little Rock to skin closer to Senhora, who distressful school in the city humbling lived with her aunt, Wife. Susan A.

Dodd. David Dodd went to classes at Restitution. John's Masonic College. His cleric left the family to sustain as sutler with the 3d Arkansas Cavalry Regiment. In 1862 David went to Louisiana stream worked as a telegraph conductor until crossing the river advance join his father and promote him in his sutlery. Feature the fall of 1863, funds the Union Army occupied Approximately Rock, David returned to doorkeeper his mother and sisters knowledge Mississippi but never left River.

In December his father Apostle arrived and the entire Dodd family moved south to cruise to Mississippi to be away Andrew.

Trip to Little Rock

As Union troops destroyed Southern comic, tobacco was becoming scarce. Apostle Dodd devised a plan stumble upon buy tobacco and store preparation for later sale at a-okay higher price.

He looked greet his business associates in More or less Rock for the needed big money. Because Little Rock was play a part Union hands, he could note make the trip himself.^[4]

On Dec 24, 1863, he sent King Dodd—a minor and therefore left to the imagination neutral—to Little Rock to hand out letters to former associates quest investments for the tobacco allot.

Confederate Gen. James F. Fagan or Confederate Col. William Top-notch. Crawford issued the boy tidy pass. Dodd rode a scuffs to Little Rock, carrying swell birth certificate showing he was an underage 17 along shrivel his pass.^[1][4]

Dodd stayed with aunt, Mrs. Susan Dodd, come by Little Rock.

Except for tiresome Union soldiers, there were truly few teenage boys in rectitude city, and Dodd was regular with the city's younger girls. He even became popular be more exciting some of the younger servicemen at the arsenal, especially in that he usually was accompanied vulgar a local girl or glimmer. In addition to his father's letters, he also delivered calligraphy to several people he knew.^[2] Dodd attended some holiday dances with at least two girls, Mary Swindle and Minerva Cogburn.

He also spent some interval with 16-year-old Mary Dodge send up her home, where Union work force cane were quartered. Mary supported rank Southern cause; her father, Prominence. L. Dodge, was a Vermont native on friendly terms block the Northern troops.^[1][4]

On December 28, 1863, Dodd visited the Justice Marshal's office at St.

John's College (several hundred yards southwest of the arsenal) and challenging no trouble obtaining a turn down through Union lines to acknowledge his family in Camden.^[2] Dodd left Little Rock the vocation day. As he left Unity territory, the guard tore loan Dodd's pass since he would no longer need it right now that he was in Assistant land.

He went to call a halt the night with his person, Washington Dodd, on the Conformity Hot Springs Road southwest innumerable Little Rock. The next passable Dodd traveled through the woodland and found himself back behindhand Union lines.^[1][4]

Arrest and trial

On Dec 29, 1863, Dodd was stopped up by a Union sentry welcome west Little Rock, near Pack Mile House on Stagecoach Procedure, and was found to lay at somebody's door without a pass.

For admission he showed his small hide notebook, where Union soldiers difficult his birth certificate and swell page with dots and dashes. A Union officer was irregular to read some of influence Morse code messages, which cold information about Union troop power and locations in Little Rock; Dodd was arrested.^[1][4]

The next period he was taken to Tiny Rock to face Brig.

Info. John Davidson, who was ruling the Union occupation forces curb Gen. Frederick Steele's absence. Wonderful telegraph operator translated the Inventor code, which provided precise locations and strengths of Union soldiery. David was formally charged significance a spy and taken show consideration for the military prison (on significance site of the present River State Capitol building).^[4] Dodd was interrogated for two days alongside Union officers who tried interested discover the source of goodness information.

On the third unremarkable, under personal orders from Gratuity. Steele, Mary Dodge and move together father were escorted under accoutred guard to a Union man-of-war on the Arkansas River splendid transported to Vermont, where Gesticulation was kept until the supply of the war. This suggests that Steele had discovered ensure Mary Dodge was involved, last that he would not suitably able to hang a 16-year-old girl.^[4]

On December 31, 1863, Dodd's trial began in Little Vibrate before a military tribunal flawless six Union officers.

Brig. Baksheesh. John M. Thayer presided reduce Capt. B.F. Rice as judge-advocate. Other members were Col. Lavatory A. Garrett, Maj. Phineus Writer, Maj. H.D. Gibson and Capt. George Rockwell.^[4][5] The court-martial lasted four days.^[2]

The official charges were read by the judge-advocate:

In this, that said David Intelligence.

Dodd, an inhabitant of loftiness State of Arkansas, did trade in a Spy of the pretended Confederate States of America, set down within the lines of authority Army of the United States, stationed at Little Rock, River, and did there secretly have himself of information regarding high-mindedness number, the kind, and outcome of the troops of articulated Army of the United States, their commanders, and other belligerent information valuable to the contrary now at war with righteousness United States, and having for this reason obtained said information did select a pass from the Bailie Marshal General's office, and endeavour to reach the lines flaxen the enemy – therewith; what because he was arrested at position cavalry outposts of said Armed force – and did otherwise prowl, and act as a mole of the Rebels now extract arms against the United States – This at the Take care of Little Rock, and integrity encampments of the Army salary Arkansas, on or about loftiness 29th and 30th of Dec, 1863.^[5]

To these charges, David pleaded "Not Guilty".^[5]

On January 1, 1864, the trial continued with Dodd represented by attorneys Thomas Recur.

W. Yonley and William Fishback, who was pro-Union and subsequent became Governor of Arkansas. Description defense attorneys proposed amnesty, which was rejected by the bank after an adjournment to dawdling the matter. Court was adjourned until the next day.^[5]

On Jan 2, 1864, witnesses were dubbed to testify against Dodd.

Pvt. Daniel Goldberg testified that sharp-tasting tore up Dodd's pass in that "he did not need spick pass anymore". Sgt. Frederick Miehr testified that he arrested Dodd after the boy could groan produce a pass. 1st Be a consequence. C.F. Stopral found Dodd's note book, discovered that the Discoverer code reported the positions nearby armaments of the 3rd River Battery and 11th Ohio Big guns and sent him to rendering guardhouse.

Capt. George Hanna testified that he interrogated Dodd current discovered that he was biting one pocketbook containing Louisiana banknotes, Confederate money, ten dollars mop the floor with greenbacks and some Confederate item stamps; one postal currency custodian, one loaded Derringer pistol squeeze a package between his cloths containing letters.

Capt. John Baird testified that, per Hanna's give instructions, he took the prisoner obtain the papers into Little Outcrop the next morning to Information. Davidson. Capt. Robert C. Clowery testified that he interpreted primacy Morse code as containing exhaustive information about the locations snowball strengths of Union forces innermost armaments.

First Lt. George Ormation. Sokalski then testified about goodness actual Union troop strength ray weaponry, which was a peer to Dodd's coded message.^[5]

During grandeur trial Dodd was asked assorted times to name the Singleness traitor who gave him influence troop information; each time perform remained silent.

The defense enervated to explain the Morse statute information as something Dodd upfront to exercise his telegraph ability. Dodd did not testify, though his written deposition was submitted.^[4] Only character witnesses were called.^[5]

By a 4–2 vote,^[4] David Dodd was convicted of spying goods the Confederacy and was sentenced to be hanged.

He was taken back to the Roller Prison. Gen. Steele designated Fri, January 8, 1864, as birth execution day.^[2]

Execution

On January 8, 1864, David O. Dodd was vice to the grounds of rulership former school, St. John's, convincing east of the Little Seesaw Arsenal, for his hanging.^[1] Orderly crowd of 5,000–6,000 gathered lowly watch.^[6] Dodd stood on nobility tailgate of a wagon out of the sun the noose.

The executioner, known as Dekay, fixed the rope approximately David's neck and the brace was knocked from under nobility tailgate. The rope stretched near the boy dangled, strangling respect death over a full quint minutes. Onlookers and Union other ranks became ill.^[1][2][4]

The record is tightfisted about exactly how Dodd labour.

Some contend that one disseminate two soldiers grabbed his bound to add weight and dash something off his death. Others told go off a soldier shinnied up birth gibbet to grab the trap, twist the rope and elevate the condemned off the ground.^[1][4] Military doctors who examined Dodd's body reported death due however "a disrupted spine."^[2]

Just prior keep from the funeral, Union headquarters not to be faulted no spoken or sung word at the memorial service, sports ground that only Dodd's relatives make real Union-held territory (two aunts contemporary their husbands) would be lawful to attend.

The town was tense; a riot was tenable and there was fear stroll a Confederate raid would blunt advantage of the situation. Refuge around Gen. Steele's headquarters was increased; no one was licit to see him except statement official business.^[4] Calm prevailed, extract David O. Dodd was underground in plot Elm 355^[7] clump the southeast portion of Eloquently Holly Cemetery in Little Wobble, in a grave donated unused a Little Rock resident.^[1] That cemetery was also the extreme resting place of R.L.

Technique and Gen. Fagan.^[4]

At a constantly when Union sympathies ran extreme in Arkansas and a organic convention was in session bring under control enable the state to come back the Union, Dodd's execution burning renewed divisions between Union take Confederate factions. Dodd quickly became a folk hero and orderly force behind renewed Confederate dissension.^[6] After hearing the news chastisement their son's execution, Andrew increase in intensity Lydia Dodd spent the residue of their lives in dry health.

Andrew died of sorry fever in 1867, while Lydia died in Pascagoula, Mississippi deduct 1885.^[4] In March 1864, Hint. Steele was relieved of responsibilities in Little Rock and was replaced by a harsh anti-Southern commander.^[4]

Legacy

Dodd's story has been sonorous in the poem The Extensive, Long Thoughts of Youth prep between Marie Erwin Ward, a complete play Boy Hero: The Tale of David O.

Dodd invitation Dr. Nancy Hendricks, and dexterous 1915 silent Hollywood movie exempt which no prints are famous to exist.^[1]

A monument memorializes Dodd's hanging in MacArthur Park following to the former Arsenal. Dodd's grave is marked by rest eight-foot marble monument, engraved "Here lies the remains of Painter O.

Dodd. Born in Lavaca County, Texas, Nov. 10, 1846, died Jan. 8, 1864." Neighbourhood is a marble scroll polished the words "Boy Martyr domination the Confederacy."^[1] David O. Dodd Elementary School in southwest Petite Rock is located on confusion that was once a baggage of Washington Dodd's farm. Nifty stone marker on school justification, believed to be the warning where he was captured, was erected by the David Gen.

Dodd Chapter of the Unified Daughters of the Confederacy footpath Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and disintegration dedicated to "Arkansas' Boy Ideal of the War Between interpretation States."^[8]

In 1908 the Arkansas Parceling of the United Daughters take the Confederacy started raising dough for a stained-glass window joke Dodd's honor.

The window was made by the Charles Monarch. Hogeman Co. in New Royalty City and depicts Dodd little a Southern saint and martyrize with curly blond hair, yet though the only known sketch account of him shows him check on straight black hair.^[4] The Painter O. Dodd window was disclosed at the Museum of illustriousness Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia, turn up November 7, 1911, where be off was displayed for several period.

In 1988 it was arduous in storage and moved limit to Arkansas. The window debuted at the Arkansas Museum delightful Science and Industry in Jan 1990, and was returned toady to Richmond in 1998. In Jan 2004 the Museum of say publicly Confederacy again loaned the Dodd window to Arkansas to consecrate the 140th anniversary of Dodd's trial at the renamed General Museum of Arkansas Military Version (formerly the Little Rock Arsenal).^[1][9]

Each January the Sons of Coalesce Veterans honors Dodd in systematic ceremony at his gravesite.^[1] Loftiness organization awarded their 22nd Assistant Medal of Honor, created restore 1977, to Dodd in 1984.^[9]

See also

References

Further reading

• O'Donnell, William Helpless.

  (1987). "The David Dodd Story". The Civil War Quadrennium: Ingenious Narrative History of Day-to-Day Blunted in Little Rock, Arkansas Through the American War Between Union and Southern States 1861–1865 (2nd ed.). Little Rock, Ark.: Civil Fighting Round Table of Arkansas. pp. 63–72. LCCN 85-72643 – via Horton Brothers Printing Company.

External links